زمينه‌‌هاي پيدايش خرابات و تطورات آن در متون عرفاني

Causes of Kharabat Emergence and its Developments in Gnostic Texts

مفهوم خرابات از بعد لغوي و سپس جايگاه خاص آن در آيين مهرپرستي به دلايل متعددي آن گونه كه مي‌بايست مورد بررسي واقع نشده و معناي مستقلي كه جامع و مانع باشد برآن مترتب نگرديده است. سير تاريخي و تطور لغوي و مشربي اين واژه نشان مي‌دهد، خرابات در اصل همان «خورآبه» در آيين ميتراييسم بوده كه با طي مراحلي دشوار، سالك طريق آن مشرب به آنجا ره مي‌يافته است. بعد از اسلام و ظهور مشرب عرفان و تصوف اين واژه و مفهوم، با بسامدي فراوان در آثار عرفاني و ادبي متجلي گرديد و در ادبيات قلندرانه چنان راه يافت كه هر كس به ظن خود از آن تعبيري نمودو متاسفانه نقب انحرافي از اين واژه به وجود آمد كه با اصل جايگاه خاصي كه در آيين ميتراييسم داشت؛ تفاوت كلي دارد و متاسفانه در مفهوم عام، به عشرتكده و شرابخانه، نقل به معني گرديد. نگارنده در اين مقاله بر آن است تبيين نمايد كه اصل مفهوم خرابات بر خاسته و برگرفته از چه آييني است و سير تاريخي‌آن چگونه است؟

For numerous reasons Kharabat and its special position in sun-worship has not been studied from lexical view and a comprehensive independent meaning has not been defined for it. The incomprehensibility or in another word not to get to the bottom of the subject has caused that everybody analyzes and criticizes it. Historical evolution and lexical development of this word shows that Kharabat has been in fact "Khourabe" in Mithraism that through passing difficult stages the seeker has reached it. After Islam and Gnosticism and Sufism emergence this word manifested in gnostic and literary works by numerous frequencies and it found its way into calender literature so that everybody interpreted it by its own apprehension and unfortunately this word encountered deviation which is different from its special position in Mithraism; and unfortunately it was in general defined as bar and place of pleasure and undiscerning persons thought that purpose of Kharabat is this negative aspect, while such Gnostics as Shabestary, Sanaee, Hafez and so on paid attention to its essence and spoke about a lot. So in present paper the author tries to explain that what is the original meaning of Kharabat and how did it change and that how much various views of researchers in different aspects can have effect on a general totaling in order to achieve to Kharabat meaning. Key words: Kharabat, Mehr Religion, Mehrabe, Khourabe, Moghan, Calender Literature.