عالم مثال (خيال) در مكتب عرفاني محيي الدين ابن عربي

The Parable (Fiction) Universe in Mohyeddin Ibn Arabiʹʹs Mystical School

محيي‌الدّين ابن عربي، به عنوان پدر عرفان نظري پس از سهروردي به طراحي عالم خيال همت گماشت و اصول عرفان او بر حكمت متعاليه تاثير فراواني گذارد؛ چنانچه نظريه تجرّد خيال و وساطت و طريقت عالم خيال در شكل گيري حكمت متعاليه از اهميت فراواني برخوردار است. ابن عربي فقط ذات باري تعالي را حق و حقيقت مي‌داند و تمامي عالم ممكنات را حيطه‌ خيال و مثال مطلق الهي تلقي مي‌كند و عقيده دارد، خيال به علت آنكه جامع ضدين- عقل و حواس مادي- است مظهريت از اسم «قوي» خداوند دارد. در اين مقاله، تلاش شده با استناد به آرا حكما و عرفاي اسلامي، به ويژه پدر عرفان نظري – محيي الدين ابن عربي؛ اولاً: تعريفي جامع از عالم مثال (خيال) ارايه شود. ثانياً: جايگاه اين عالم در عرفان را به عنوان يكي از عوالم وجودي مشخص كند و نتيجه‌گيري نمايد كه: كشف و شهود، رويت انبيا و ملايكه و قديسان، حضور ارواح طيبه ايمه اطهار(ع) در هنگام مرگ، وحي و الهام و معراج پيامبر(ص) در عالم خيال منفصل اتفاق مي‌افتد

the ancestor of theoretical mysticism, Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi tried his hand on designing the fiction universe after Sohrevardi, during which the mystical principles made an impact upon his sublimed school of mind greatly, so that the theory of philosophy of fiction and the intermediation and abstraction of the world of fiction is of great significance in making up his sublimed school of mind. He believes in the Almightyʹs own existence as the mere truth and the whole world of phenomena are the formation of both arcs of ascent and descent and the scope of fiction and the absolute divine parable. Ibn Arabi believes that since fiction is a aggregate of antithetical, that is wisdom and materialistic sensations, it is a manifest of a "strong" name of God. He deems the limbo of this world and the next one to be like a distinct line between the sunlight and the shadow. In this paper, the writer has endeavored to draw on the philosophersʹ and Islamic mysticsʹ ideas, specifically those of Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi, to primarily give a comprehensive definition of the fiction or parable universe and its nature, and then designate the status of this world in mysticism to be as one of the worlds of existence and the reciprocal impact and affect of that against the mystical journey which ends up to apocalypse and intuition. Thirdly, the meaning of some important trainings including separate fiction, limbo, the eighth heaven, resurrection land, etc. are sought and is concluded that ʹapocalypse and intuition , meeting prophets and angels and saints, the presence of impeccable soul of imams upon oneʹs death, revelation, and inspiration and ascent of the prophet Mohammad all happen in the detached world of fiction. Key words: Mysticism; maxim; intermediate universe; detached fiction; apocalypse and intuition; limbo; grave.