الاهيّات سياسي ماكياولي؛ جست‌وجوي مباني متافيزيكي انديشه سياسي ماكياولي

Political Theology of Machiavelli; Seeking Metaphysical Bases Political Thought of Machiavelli

هدف از اين پژوهش يافتن مبادي و مفروضات متافيزيكي پيدا و پنهان در انديشه سياسي ماكياولي است؛ مبادي كه ريشه در سياست‌انديشي او و موقعيت ويژه‌اش در تاريخ انديشه سياسي غرب دارد. علي‌رغم آنچه بسياري از محققان تاريخ انديشه، انديشه سياسي ماكياولي را قلمرو واقع‌گري ناب مي‌دانند و خود او را با عناويني همچون بنيان‌گذار رياليسم سياسي، تا آستانه پوزيتيويست سياسي (سرآغاز دوران جديد) فرا برده‌اند، اين نوشتار بر آن است كه تاملات تجربي ماكياولي پيرامون سياست، متاثر از مقولاتي عمدتاً الاهيّاتي است كه از اعصار گذشته بر جاي مانده و رشته‌هاي آن در انديشه او نيز (همچون ديگر اومانيست‌هاي رنسانس) ديده مي‌شود. در اين مقاله سعي شده است كه ذيل سه محور، يعني: اصل بنيادين، ربط ميان فورتون و ويرتو، و منجي‌گرايي، ريشه‌هاي الاهيّاتي انديشه سياسي ماكياولي آشكار شود و خوانشي الاهيّاتي از آن ارايه گردد.

The purpose of this study is to find the metaphysical alphabets and suppositions in political thought of Machiavelli; the alphabets which have root in his political thinking and his special status in West Political Thought. In spite of considering Machiavelli thought as the pure realism and to give him titles like the founder of political realism, and to bring him to the threshold of Political positivist (the start of New Era) by many thought scholars, this writing is to show that the empirical reflections of Machiavelli about Politics is under effect of categories which are mainly theological remained from past eras and its strings can be seen in his thought too (like other Renaissance Humanists). It is attempted in this article under three subjects, i.e.: the seminal principle, the connection between Fortuna and Virtu and Belief in Deliverer(Saviourism), to make the theological roots of political thought of Machiavelli clear and propose a theological reading from it.