پديد آورندگان :
قنواتي، عزتاله نويسنده دانشيار گروه ژيومورفولوژي، دانشگاه خوارزمي , , منصوري، رضا نويسنده دانشجوي كارشناسي ارشد رشته جغرافياي طبيعي گرايش ژيومورفولوژي، دانشگاه خوارزمي Mansouri, Reza
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Beaches fringe about 40 per cent of the world’s coastline, and generally consist of unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel on the shore. More than half the world’s population lives in coastal regions, and many people visit the coast frequently. Beaches have also formed along the fringes of coastal lowlands. In Iran, the river and coastal systems are one of the most important factors in the location of cities, network connections, commerce, tourism, agriculture and areas of industrial development and have high population density and have high population density. Any knowledge has classified the topics of their interest research to better understand and facilitate them. The survival of humans is heavily dependent on a very narrow zone within the Earth’s crust. it is realistic to conclude that the overwhelming majority of human activities interact with the landforms that make up the surface and near surface of terrestrial, near shore and offshore ‘landscapes’. The scientific investigation of these landscapes, the processes that have formed them over time, the materials which they are composed of the individual elements that combine to create them and the way they will evolve through time is the discipline of geomorphology. Understanding geomorphology, therefore, can be seen as fundamental to the safe, economic and sustainable development of the planet Earth especially coastal environment. Iran, having two separate coastlines at its north and south of about 3000km length, with very different characteristics, suffers from various coastal problems. While its northern coastal area is
over-populated and its sensitive and unique habitats must be protected from destruction, most of its southern coastal areas are undeveloped and deserted. The study area is situated at coordinates of geographical longitude from 51ْ, 30َ, and 00ً up to east 52ْ, 45َ and 00ً and geographical latitude 36ْ, 18َ, and 55ً up to north 36ْ, 44َ, and 00ً with an area of 2068.57 square kilometers in North of Mazandaran Province.
Methodology
The main purpose of this research is to morphological classification of coastal smartline to integrated coastal zone management from Nowshahr to Babolsar. Thus, topographic maps and geology, satellite imagery (Landsat, sensors: Tm & ETM+, IRS) and geographical information system software in Arc GIS 10 and several field survey from landforms, have been used. Use of satellite images is an effective technique for study and classification of land resources in coastal zone. This study is based on Smartline Classification Method. The term ‘Smartline’ here refers to a GIS line map format which can allow rapid capture of diverse coastal data from both new mapping and pre-existing datasets, into a single consistently – classified map, which in turn can then be readily analyzed for many purposes. The ‘Coastal Smartline Geomorphic and Stability Map of Australia’ was compiled in the first instance for use in assessment of Australia’s coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise and climate change by the Commonwealth Department of Climate Change and Geoscience Australia.The Smartline represents this information in the form of a single line map representing the coastline, which is split into segments where-ever the coastal landform type’s change. Each distinctive segment is tagged or attributed with multiple attribute fields (data records) describing the landform types of that segment of the coast. whereas most landform mapping uses ʹpolygonʹ mapping, a line map format has been chosen for this work because it offers a number of efficiencies which outweigh its drawbacks when applied to an essentially linear feature such as a coastline or coastal zone. It is relatively easy to attribute the line map with information from a wide diversity of sources, and the format can be easily queried and analysed using GIS software to provide information as required. The use of a line-map format for coastal data mapping is practical because of the essentially linear (along-shore) nature of coasts.
Results and Discussion
The results indicate that based on coastal Smartline method in this area, coasts can classified in five classes: sandy beach, sandy beach with residential use, pebble beach, river mouth and human installations such as ports, breakwaters, etc. Among of them the sandy beaches is the widest class in the region.
Conclusion
In this research the coastal areas of Mazanderan province from Nowshahr to Babolsar (116.52 Km long) were classified according to geomorphplogical characters using coastal Smartline method. Based on the result of this research, five morphological clasess identefied in this area. These clasess inclusive: beach shore that inhabited (class code is:01), sandy beach (class code is:02), pebbel beach (class code is:03), artificial (class code is:04) and river mouth(class code is:05). Among of them the longest clasess is sandy beach (class code is: 02) with 106.5 Km.
