پديد آورندگان :
مقيمي، ابراهيم نويسنده استاد دانشكده جغرافيا، دانشگاه تهران , , يماني، مجتبي نويسنده دانشگاه علوم پزشكي ايلام;دانشگاه علوم پزشكي ايلام;دانشگاه علوم پزشكي ايلام; , , رحيمي‌هرآبادي، سعيد نويسنده كارشناس‌ارشد ژيومورفولوژي، دانشگاه تهران ,
چكيده فارسي :
يكي از موضوعات محوري در ژيومورفولوژي كاربردي، شناسايي پديدههاي مخاطره آميز و علل شكل‌گيري آنهاست. دركل بر اثر رفتارهاي نادرست انساني در كاربري‌هاي اراضي و تنگناهاي محيطي، فرايندهاي‌ژيومورفيك تبديل به عوامل مخاطره‌زا مي‌شود. با توجه به وقوع زلزله سال 1369رودبار و ناپايدارشدن دامنه‌هاي مشرف بر محيط شهري رودبار و نيز كاربري‌هاي اراضي نامتجانس، وقوع زمين‌لغزش در محيط شهري اين منطقه عاملي مخاطره‌آميز است. اين مقاله تلاش دارد به ارزيابي و پهنه‌بندي حساسيت خطر زمين لغزش در شهر رودبار بپردازد. براي اين امر با استفاده از فرايند تحليل شبكه و تعيين معيارهاي پيشنهادي مبتني بر بازديدهاي ميداني و مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي در وقوع خطر زمين لغزش شهري، اين معيارها در دو خوشه اصلي مخاطرات طبيعي و زيست محيطي، شامل ميزان شيب، جهت شيب، كاربري اراضي، بارش سالانه، فاصله از گسل، مراكز مسكوني و آبراهه و حساسيت ليتولوژي طبقهبندي شد. در مرحله بعد با تهيه لايه‌هاي اطلاعاتي از عناصر مزبور و ارزش‌گذاري آنها، اين لايه‌ها در محيط ARC GIS مورد تحليل قرار گرفت و نقشهي نهايي پهنه‌بندي خطر زمين لغزش در محدوده كنترل كننده شهر رودبار با درجات خطر كم (4درصد)، خطر متوسط (71 درصد) و خطر‌بالا (25درصد) تعيين شد كه نشاندهنده درصد بالاي فرايندهاي مخاطره‌زا درمحدودهي شهري است. در اين فرايند عامل شيب و حساسيت ليتولوژي مهم‌ترين سهم را بر عهده داشتهاند. در مجموع اين موضوع آثار زمين‌لغزش شهري را بر روند الگوهاي توسعه شهر رودبار بيان داشته و مسايلي چون سيماي نامتجانس شهري، مسدود‌كردن شبكه‌هاي ارتباطي و مدفون كردن مناطق مسكوني و... را در بر‌داشته است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
One of the main tasks of applied Geomorphology is study of position and of vulnerable human environment confronting to variety of geomorphological hazards. Hazards in geomorphology, Instability is caused by surface features, Instability is caused by the surface properties due to human intervention and human infrastructure to become hazardous events. In the urban centers of the densest human, physical development during their may faced be some geomorphological hazards. Roudbar in the mountain locations, with certain restrictions on planning and urban management. In this paper, the development of effective urban landslide hazard has been assessment and zoning. Fundamentally aim of this study is zoning of the stable and unstable regions in the environmental planning and urban Roudbar can leave good impression. Hence, this paper attempts to analyze the factors influencing the utilization of a range of hazards using analytic network process, the quantitative analysis of stable and unstable parts of the city to pay.
Methodology
In this paper is used the method of network analysis in order to analyze the occurrence of land slide in Roudbar. In the first phase, the clusters and elements have determined and 8 of the main elements involved in the thematic similarity of two clusters of environmental features and natural hazards. In next stage, relationships and connections and dependencies between the elements have established. The main stage of the network analysis is pair wise comparisons between elements and clusters. Pair wise comparisons in network analysis is based on control criteria. The pairwise comparisons of elements was perform by questionnaire. After determining the final value of each comparison, the values and weights obtained from the questionnaires, is transferred the Super Decisions software And finally, the software calculated using this weights, final relative weight and super matrix through normalization of the cluster by weights, The last stage, data layers for each criteria is formed in the ARC GIS software and have classified and then overlapped. Finally, final map formed by constituting layers and weights.
Results and Discussion
In this stage, final weights have calculated using this super matrix an normalizing by cluster matrix. After obtaining the final weights of each element with the ANP method, these weights are corporate with data layers and the final map to be achieved in Arc GIS software. In accordance with what was stated in the findings of the study, The region in three main categories, including low (4%), moderate (71%) and high (25%), was zoning. The urban settlements of this region, in one of the most dangerous areas of the visual range is process-related hazards So that the communication path is established and existing urban settlements, most were located in areas with moderate to high risk, Fundamentally, unstable parts of the landslide process from Lithology data and slope.
Conclusion
In the study of the factors influencing the occurrence of landslide Including slope, aspect, lithology, land use, average annual rainfall, distance from the fault, waterways and residential, With the experts, and the background studies and field visits, the process of using network analysis and weighting of these elements in relation to each other, each element is based on expert opinion, the occurrence of landslide hazard zonation in the city, among the issues that are currently visible in Roudbar Morphologically heterogeneous in their physical development and have been scattered in the foot hills overlooking. It works on geomorphological hazards in urban development processes and outcomes are clearly stated Roudbar numerous landscape heterogeneous than urban, Losses include blocking roads and buried by the servicing of residential areas and facilities will fall into the domain.
