تبيين رويكردهاي قوميتي در شعارهاي انتخاباتي نامزدهاي رياست جمهوري

Expounding Ethnic Approaches in the Electoral Slogans of the Presidential Candidates

اگر همدلي و همزيستي مسالمت‌آميز و برادرانه گروه هاي زباني و مذهبي در ايران را به‌عنوان قاعده تاريخي حاكم بر مناسبات آنها با همديگر بدانيم، در كنار آن برهه هايي نيز وجود داشته است كه همزيستي ميان ملت ايران دست مايه رقابت هاي ميان نخبگان براي دستيابي به فرصت هاي سياسي و اجتماعي قرار گرفته است. در اين بين انتخابات به‌عنوان پديده اي سياسي- اجتماعي عرصه خوبي براي مشاهده ورود نخبگان ابزارگرا در اين زمينه بوده است. از اين‌رو مقاله حاضر در پي بررسي اين مسيله است كه ورود برخي از نامزدهاي رياست جمهوري به عرصه تحريك مسايل قومي از منظر گروه هاي زباني- مذهبي در ايران چه بازخوردهايي داشته و آنها چه بهره اي از اين موضوع برده اند. روش پژوهش در اين مقاله از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي بوده و داده ها و اطلاعات مورد نياز آن به روش كتابخانه اي (كتب، نشريات، آرشيو روزنامه ها و اينترنت) گردآوري شده است. همچنين نقشه ها و نمودارهاي مورد نياز اين پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزارهاي GIS و Excel تهيه شده است. نتايج پژوهش گوياي آن است كه طليعه داران اين جريان هي‌چگاه نتوانسته اند اقبال اكثريت ملت را با خود در كسب راي همراه نمايند و ميزان موفقيت افراد در كارزارهاي انتخاباتي نه بر پايه شعارهاي قوم‌گرايانه بلكه بسته به توفقيق آنها در طرح مسايل و معضلات ملي است.

Extended Abstract Introduction One of the outstanding features of Iran is the coexistence of various lingual and religious groups living beside each other in throughout the history. Each of these groups in their own share has contributed to the continuation of Iranian civilization, so that to protect the political life of this land in different methods. However, there have been stages in which some levels of tensions have dominated over their relations which have been one of the factors for the competition among the elites to achieve social and political opportunities. Elections as socio-political phenomenon have been a good place for elites to use the ethnic differences to absorb the votes of the ethnic groups. Some of the presidential candidates in order to achieve their goals and to establish a vote base for themselves put their steps beyond the historical and legal realities or cause ethnic tensions and conflicts. Research Methodology The research is basic in terms of its goal and is descriptive- analytic in terms of nature and method. Data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The maps and diagrams used in this research have been prepared using GIS and EXCEL software. Discussion The research findings based on the results of three recent terms of presidential election in Iran show that there has been an instrumental view towards lingual and religious diversities in the country. This phenomenon which is done to gain maximum votes by electoral candidates, has not been able to put a significant effect on vote basket. But the definite damages of these types of behavior which are deliberately performed would damage the national unity and solidarity. Conclusion Reviewing the three last periods on putting forth ethnic issues and instrumental view towards lingual and religious diversities, the following cases can be pointed out: 1. Gaining votes in the presidential election in the first step is related to the individuals’ attachment to the dominant discourses and trends in the country. 2. After attachment to political trends, the local and regional attachment has the highest rate of votes for the individuals. 3. The ethnic-based slogans have not been effective in individuals’ success in any period.