تبيين كاركردهاي جُستار ناحيه در دولت يكپارچه

Expounding the Functions of Area Debatein the Unitary State

خشكي كره زمين ميان بيش از دويست واحد سياسي- فضايي ناهمگون از منظر جمعيت و سرزمين تقسيم شده است. تنوع سرزميني در قالب مفهوم ناحيه در شكل گيري پديده هاي فضايي و جهت دهي به مطالبات ساكنان نقش بنيادي داشته و نمودهاي عيني اين تنوع مباحث مناسات فضايي، علت وجودي، همبستگي ملي و پيوستگي سرزميني واحدهاي سياسي- فضايي را متاثر كرده است. بر اين اساس، ناهمگوني سرزميني و فرهنگي بخشي از سرشت دولت– ملت هاست كه به فراخورِ شدت اين ناهمگوني ها، حكومت ها كمابيش درگير نيروهاي واگرا هستند. پژوهش حاضر كه سرشتي بنيادي دارد با بهره گيري از داده هاي كتابخانه اي و رويكرد تبييني مفهوم جغرافيايي ناحيه و گونه هاي ناحيه گرايي را براي تبيين تنوع فرهنگي- سرزميني نظام‌هاي سياسي يكپارچه مورد بررسي قرار داده است. يافته هاي تحقيق گوياي آن است كه گونه هاي مختلف ناحيه گرايي گاه حكومت و گاه كشور را به چالش مي كشانند. در اين ميان، ناحيه گرايي اقتصادي و فرهنگي كه ناظر بر ناخرسندي ساكنان نسبت وضعيت موجود است، منتقد مشروعيت حكومت است و خواستار اصلاح رويكردهاي حاكميتي است و ناحيه‌گرايي سياسي، چالش انگيزترين گونه ناحيه گرايي است كه طي آن همبستگي ملي و يكپارچگي سرزميني به چالش كشيده مي شود.

Extended Abstract Introduction Unitary states are faced with heterogeneous elements and consequently regionalist forces because of the vastness and the number of inhabitant that these elements and forces sometimes challenge political system acceptability and states entities. Most of political geography researches in Iran in the domain of literature on cultural diversity have taken from ethnicity concept which its literature has been more in connection with sociology and political science. But countryʹs political geography facts and experiences during history, in particular in current one hundred years, show that the explanation of countryʹs cultural variety needs to take political geography approach. This article, with a political geography’s approach, is based on this assumption that “region and regionalism concepts have a high explanation power in representation the phenomena of cultural-spatial variety of countries having a political unitary system and has dealt with from such a perspective to describe region and regionalism literature in political unitary system. Methodology The research methodology adopted is descriptive- analytic and the data- gathering procedure is based on library finding. Discussion This research investigated geographical concept of region and types of the regionalism to expound spatial-cultural variety of political unitary systems. Research findings show that cultural and spatial heterogeneous is a part of states and governmentsʹ nature which is related to the intensity of these heterogeneous and political systems’ function states are involved by regionalism forces which sometimes challenge the state and sometimes the country entity. In this case, cultural and economic regionalism which represents residentsʹ dissatisfaction towards current situation criticizes the state legitimacy and demand to reform dominant approaches. Political regionalism is the most challenging kind of regionalism that national solidarity and spatial unitary of country or state is challenged. Conclusion From the formation of nation-states, the debate of spatial-cultural variety has been a part of concerns of the political system actors in connection with national solidarity and spatial unity. Political systems which have less spatial-cultural variety have chosen a space political management based on integration. However, research findings show that these countries also encounter with regionalist forces variety more or less. Since different scienceʹs approach are heterogeneous related to the different phenomenon, political geography needs such a literature which has connection with spatial-local facts. Hence, region and regionalism approach has a high competence to represent countries spatial-cultural varieties subject. Based on regionalist approach, existence of region and regionalism is a natural phenomenon when would be dangerous and discriminate that cultural and economic regionalism finds a political orientation. So, paying attention to the regional demands can prevent cultural and economic regionalism to become political, and consequently increase national solidarity.