ماهيت تركمانان عراقي و رابطه آنان با تركمانان سلجوقي

The nature of Iraqi Turkmens and their relationship with Seljuq Turkmen

مهاجرت تركان سلجوقي و تشكيل اولين حكومت با منشا ايلي، سرآغاز تحولات شگرف در تاريخ و فرهنگ ايران زمين بود. تركمانان عراقي، طلايه داران اين مهاجرت، به دليل نفوذشان در منطقه عراق عجم به عراقي مشهور شدند. ماهيت و ريشه هاي نژادي اين گروه و ارتباط شان با سلاجقه از دو ديدگاه قابل بررسي است. گروهي از مورخان آنان را از اتباع اسراييل، پسر سلجوق، مي دانند كه پس از اسارت او به دست محمود غزنوي به ايران مهاجرت كردند ولي اين پژوهش با استناد به منابع، به چند دليل، اين نظريه را تاييد نمي كند و آنان را شاخه اي از سلاجقه مي داند. از سوي ديگر، اقدامات حكومت غزنويان و بعدها سياست حكومت سلجوقيان، چه پيش از ورود به ايران و چه بعد از به دست گرفتن قدرت براي مهار اين تركمانان فراز و نشيب هاي معناداري دارد. كه مي توان آن را به سه مرحله بي طرف در قبال اقدامات آنان، اتحاد موقتي با آنان و سركوب آنان مورد بررسي قرار داد.

Migration of Seljuq Turks and formation of the first government with a tribal origin was the preface of outstanding changes in the culture of Iran. Iraqi Turkmens as pioneers of this migration because of penetration in non-Arab regions of Iraq were known as Iraqis. The nature and ethnic roots of this groups and their relationship with Seljuqs can be investigated from two different perspectives: A group of historians know them as Israel citizens who were authorized by the son of Seljuq and migrated to Iran after he was captured by Mohammad Ghaznavid. The present article referring to available sources does not approve this theory and considers them as a branch of Seljuqs. From another perspective, actions Ghaznavids performed to restrain them and the policy Seljuqs later applied for Turkmens, not only before their arrival to Iran but also after their seizing power in Iran, experienced meaningful ups and downs. Such actions can be divided into three steps: neutral state against them, temporary alliance with them and repressive state against them.