غني كشميري و سبك هندي

Gani Kasmiri and Indian style

تقريباٌ از اواخر عهد تيموري ديدگاهها و نگرشهاي خاص همراه با خصايص و بسامدي از كاربردهاي بياني و زباني به نام سبك هندي به شعر فارسي راه يافت و به مرور از رواج و روايي چشمگيري برخوردار گشت. مّلا محمّد طاهر متخلّص به« غني » معروفترين و بزرگترين شاعر پارسيگوي كشمير است كه در قرن يازدهم هجري ميزيسته .شهرت شاعري او در حين حيات شبه قارّه پاكستان و هند و حتّي ايران را فرا گرفته بود.طرز تفكر و انديشه هنديانه در شعر او متجّلي است. در اين پژوهش، كوشيديم تا با مشاهده و خوانش دقيق نسخ موجود از متن ديوان غني كشميري- ضمن ارايه نسخه اي نو از اين اثر ارزشمند فارسي در قالب رساله دكتري - به بيان اعّم خصايص سبك هندي در ديوان اشعارش بپردازيم. برخي از برجسته ترين آنها كه به وفور در ديوان گردآوري شده وي مشهود است از اين قرارند: بكارگيري واژگان، تعبيرات و مصطلاحات عامه ، بي توجه بودن به متانت و صحت زبان ، آوردن تركيبات غريب و ناما نوس ، اظهار شكست و نامرادي و ياس ، توجه به معني و مضمون و رها كردن زبان ، رواج حكمت عاميانه و توجه به خرافات و فرهنگ عامه ، وقوع و واسوخت ، مضمونسازي و توجه به مضامين غريب و جستجوي معاني بيگانه ( از طريق تشخيص حس آميزي ، متناقض نمايي و...)،

Almost from the end of Timurid era, special point of view and sight alongside properties and frequency of explanatory and linguistic, name Indian style came to Persian poem and after a while became spread and authorized. Mohhamad Taher, pseudonym of “Qani” is the most famous and greatest Persian poet of Kasimir, who lived in the 11th century. His poetry fame in his life enclosed to Pakistan subcontinent, India and even to Iran. His Indian mentality and idea is manifested in his poem. Not only Bidel and Eghbal who were the primes in Indian style but also most of the poet who moved from Iran to Kasimir certainly known his place in poetry and followed the Indian style like him. Gani was unique in creation of new and virgin theme, invention and simplification among his contemporary. In this research, we try that with observe and exact read of available version of Kishmiri poetry –further exhibit a new version of this worth full works in a shape of PHD discourse_ also state the general feature of Indian style in his poet, the extraordinary features which that he assemble in his poet are: Applying vocabulary, construction, common idiom, careless to gravity and accuracy of language, use of strange and queer combination, statement defeat and hopeless and frustration, care to theme and meaning and release the language, spread the common wisdom and attention to superstition and folklore and narrate ,conceptualization and consider the strange theme and search about strange meaning ( by differentiation of personification and paradox and…)bring allegory, metaphors and improbable allusion, use of prosodic world and iteration rhyme and Simplification and discriminating and carefulness in specification, elaborateness ambiguity in term , numerous ability of allegory and proverb consignment and equation mode and truthfulness and applying stylistic terminology,