تاملي بر حق راي در پرتو حقوق اسلامي

A Reflection on the Idea of ‘having right to vote” in the Light of Islamic Law

در جهان معاصر، انتخابات، به عنوان مظهر اعلاي مشاركت مردم در امور سياسي و حاكميتي به شمار مي‌آيد و يكي از اركان نظام‌هاي سياسي مردم‌سالار محسوب مي‌گردد؛ به گونه‌اي كه تصور نظامي دموكراتيك و مردم‌سالار، بدون درنظرگرفتن امكان مشاركت شهروندان در امور سياسي و حاكميتي، بي‌معنا مي‌نمايد. در نظام سياسي اسلامي هم كه نظامي مبتني بر مردم‌سالاري ديني است، مشاركت سياسي مردم بسيار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و به عنوان يك تكليف شرعي و وظيفه ديني محسوب شده است. يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش، نشان مي‌دهد كه با توجه به تفاوت‌هاي بيان‌شده ميان حق و حكم در كلمات فقها و مشخصه اصلي حقوق كه قابليت اسقاط آنها وجود دارد و با لحاظ ماهيت مشاركت سياسي شهروندان در انتخابات، امروز نمي توان اين مهم را حق، در نظر گرفت و بلكه مي‌بايست آن را حكم محسوب كرد.

In the contemporary world, election represents and manifests people’s highest degree of participation in political and governmental affairs and as such it is regarded as one the constituent elements of democratic political system of government. It has gained importance in such a way that it makes no sense to have a conception of a democratic system without the possibility of people’s active participation in political and governmental affairs. In the political system of Islam, which is based on religious democracy, people’s political participation has received special attention and even taken to be a religious duty and legal obligation. The findings of this research show that, given the fact that there is a difference between ‘right’ and ‘judgment’ or ‘decision’ in the words of Muslim jurists on the one hand and that ‘rights have the property of being waived’ as well as considering the nature of citizens’ political participation in elections on the other, today one cannot take these as instances of rights. Rather, they have to be regarded as instances of decisions or judgments.