تحليل مقايسه‌يي ديدگاه فارابي و ابن‌عربي درباره جايگاه اخلاق و عرفان در جامعه آرماني

A Comparative Analysis of the Views of Farabi and Ibn Arabi concerning the Place of Ethics and Gnosis in their Utopia

در اين مقاله با بررسي هويت اخلاقي– عرفاني مدينه» فاضله از ديدگاه فارابي (بعنوان موسس فلسفه اسلامي) و ابن‌عربي (بعنوان پدر عرفان اسلامي)، سيماي سه ركن اصلي اين مدينه يعني رياست، فصل مميزه و هدف از تشكيل آن با تاكيد بر مفاهيم پايه‌يي كمال، عدالت و سعادت تام ترسيم شده است و ثابت ميشود اين مفاهيم در متعاليترين وجه ممكن در مدينه» مهدوي تحقق مي‌يابد. تاكيد بر جايگاه عقل و معرفت در اينباره و همچنين بيان مصاديق مدن غير فاضله از ديدگاه ايندو انديشمند، از ديگر مسايل مطرح شده در اين پژوهش است. تحليل مقايسه‌يي آرا فارابي و ابن‌عربي نشان ميدهد كه عليرغم اشتراك ديدگاه درباره» اركان اصلي مدينه» فاضله، زيرساختهاي انديشه و آرا فلسفي و عرفاني آنها در اينباره مختلف و متفاوت است. از جمله» اين تفاوتها ميتوان به مواردي چون جايگاه طرح مسيله» مدينه» فاضله، مباني شكلگيري اين ايده، زبان و ادبيات ارايه» آن، تعيين مصداق و بيان سطح تعالي آن و نحوه» اعتقاد به لزوم تحقق عيني مدينه» فاضله اشاره كرد.

In this paper, by examining the ethical-gnostic identity of utopia in the views of Farabi (as the founder of Islamic philosophy) and Ibn Arabi (as the founder of Islamic gnosis), the writers portray the three main pillars of this state, namely, leadership, distinctive feature, and the purpose behind its establishment based on the fundamental concepts of perfection, justice, and ultimate happiness. They also demonstrate that these concepts are realized in their most sublime form in the Mahdawi Medina. From among the other problems discussed in this research, we can refer to the emphasis on the place of the intellect and knowledge in this regard as well as the instances of non-utopian cities in the eyes of these two thinkers. A comparative analysis of the ideas of Farabi and Ibn Arabi indicates that, in spite of their similar views concerning the main pillars of utopia, the basic principles of their gnostic and philosophical ideas and thoughts in this respect are different. From among these differences we can refer to the place of the problem of utopia, the foundations of the development of this idea, the language used to present it, determining its referent and expressing the level of its transcendence, and the quality of believing in the necessity of the objective realization of utopia.