شناسايي بافت‌هاي فرسوده و نوع مداخله مناسب در آن‌ها با استفاده از GIS و فرآيند تحليل سلسله‌مراتبي (مطالعه موردي: محدوده دركه)

Identifying Deteriorated Urban Textures and Appropriate Relevant Interventions, Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) Case Study: Darakeh District, Tehran

امروزه با توجه به رشد شتابان شهرنشيني و افزايش فزاينده جمعيت شهرها، توجه به بافت‌هاي فرسوده كه از سوي برخي متفكران از آن‌ها به‌عنوان ثروت پنهان شهرها ياد شده است، اهميتي دوچندان يافته است. از جمله مراحل اساسي در فرآيند برنامه‌ريزي و طراحي بافت‌هاي شهري، تعريف و تبيين معيارهاي علمي و جامع براي شناسايي و پهنه‌بندي بافت‌هاي فرسوده شهري است. اين مقاله تلاش دارد تا با در نظر گرفتن تمامي عوامل موثر بر فرسودگي، به مدل جامع و كاربردي شناسايي پهنه‌هاي مختلف بافت‌هاي شهري نايل آيد. در ادامه به‌منظور تحليل دقيق‌تر داده‌ها، محدوده دركه واقع در شمال شهر تهران به‌عنوان نمونه، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. روش تحقيق مورد استفاده در اين پژوهش توصيفي- ‌تحليلي است؛ در اين ارتباط از طريق مطالعه اسنادي و منابع كتابخانه‌اي و مصاحبه، اطلاعات لازم گردآوري شده و شاخص‌هاي موثر در شناسايي بافت‌هاي فرسوده تدوين و تدقيق گرديده است. با نهايي شدن مدل كاربردي و از طريق روش فرآيند تحليل سلسله مراتبي (AHP) و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS)، پهنه‌هاي فرسوده در محدوده بافت مورد مطالعه، نوع مداخله مناسب و همچنين اولويت مداخله در آن‌ها مشخص شده‌اند. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه معيارهاي تشخيص بافت‌هاي فرسوده متناسب با شرايط مختلف آن‌ها قابل تعيين بوده و اهميت معيارها نسبت به‌هم، در محدوده‌هاي مكاني و زماني مختلف متفاوت و فاقد يك وزن ثابت است و هر پهنه هرچند كوچك بر اساس ميزان و نوع فرسودگي، نوع خاصي از مداخله را طلب مي‌كند.

Nowadays, regarding the rapid growth of urbanization and the increased growing of urban population, the deteriorated urban textures have been called by some scholars as the hidden wealth of cities, and should be focused on. The basic steps in the process of urban planning and design is defining and explaining the scientific and comprehensive criteria for identification and zoning of deteriorated urban textures. Iranian authorities and experts have always paid a much attention to the deteriorated urban textures; however, the outcomes are not proportional to the efforts, which have been made in the field. There are various and numerous reasons for such failure. One of the problems is the lack of financial resources available for local governments. Another problem is residentsʹ unwillingness towards active cooperation in the case of modification and reconstruction of the deteriorated urban areas. Another issue is neglecting the cultural and social features of urban areas and paying too much attention to physical surroundings of them as well as ignoring the fact that there are residents living in these districts who are constantly dealing with the troubles related to these areas and even their lives may depend on the survival of such districts. On the other hand, radical and inflexible approaches for choosing these areas are a challenge in itself. In other words, some inflexible instructions have been used in order for identifying these areas at any time and place, regardless of the specific environmental, economical, social and cultural characteristics of such areas in different cities, leading to incorrect or flawed selection. In fact, this paper aims to focus on all the factors influential in deterioration, in order to attain a comprehensive model for detection of deteriorated urban textures. In order to have a more accurate analysis of the data, Darakeh district located in northern Tehran has been taken into consideration as case study. The research method used in this study is a descriptive-analytical one; so that the data collection and identification of effective indicators of the deteriorated urban textures have been extracted via review of literature, library resources and through interviews. With this comprehensive applied model, the deteriorated urban textures within the study area, the types of intervention as well as the priority of intervention can be defined by means of Analytical Network Process (ANP) & Geographical Information System (GIS).