بررسي نقش خواجه نظام الملك و مدارس نظاميه در همسازگري فكري، مذهبي در ايران

Exploring the role of KhajeNezamAlMolk and military schools in the establishment of thought- belief assimilation in Iran and the world of Islam

در جريان تاريخ تمدن اسلامي، يك سويه نگري فكري و ميل به همسازگري اعتقادي، همزمان با پيدايش تفكر آزاد و رشد علوم عقلي شروع به شكل گيري كرد و حتي حاكمان و نحله هاي فكري خردگرا نيز از اين جزم انديشي به طور كامل رها نبودند و در صورت لزوم به سركوبي مخالفان فكري و اعتقادي مي پرداختند. اما برخورد جدي با تكثرگرايي اعتقادي، فكري، توسط خليفه متوكل عباسي آغاز شد اين روند در ايران به وسيله محمود غزنوي و پس از دوران عقل گرايي آل بويه، با حذف فكري دگرانديشان ـ عمدتاً شيعه مذهب ـ دنبال گرديد و در عصر سلاجقه و با تلاش هاي نهادمند خواجه نظام الملك به اوج رسيد. وي با تاسيس مدارس نظاميه نبردي بنيادين را با تكثرگرايي در حوزه انديشه و مذهب آغاز كرد و با تكيه بر قدرت نظريه پردازي فقهايي چون ابوحامد غزالي به نتايجي تعيين كننده در تقابل با خردگرايي دست يافت.

Unilateral thinking and the tendency to belief assimilation which was conducted by Sunni conservative flows began to establish simultaneously with the emersion of free thinking and the growth of intellectual science. But in the center of reign, a serious collision and defiance began against belief- thought pluralism by Caliph MotevakkelAbbasi. In Iran and after the nationalism of the Alboyedenasty, this process was establishing by MahmoodGhaznavi through physical removal of dissidents who were mainly shia, and reached its peak at the age of Saljoghian with the actions of KhajeNezamAlMolk- the famous minister of AlbArsalan- and Malik Shah. Nezam Al Molk began a fundamental struggle against thought- belief pluralism by establishing military schools and reliance on the theorizing power of religious jurisconsults such as Abo HamedGhazali. These actions had a determinant role in the deterioration of intellectual flow in Iran and world of Islam. Key words: Unilateral thinking, belief assimilation, pluralism, nationalism, Nezam Al Molk, military schools