اعتدال مدني در قلمرو جامعه و سياست

دستگاه فلسفي فلاسفه اسلامي بحث از اعتدال در قلمرو جامعه و سياست و دولت را نه‌تنها يكي از قلمروهاي اعتدال دانسته، بلكه تحصيل آن را دغدغه اساسي آنان مي‌داند. آنان در نظم دنيوي و زندگي مدني و سياسي، با توجه به مباني نظري خود، به رشد و توسعه همگون و همه‌جانبه مي انديشند و آن را براي برقراري اعتدال در زندگي مدني و حيات سياسي با انعكاس اعتدالِ عالم تكوين در حيات سياسي دنبال مي‌كنند. از نظر آنان هرگاه جامعه و سياست و دولت در توازن و تعادل به سر بَرَند، در جهت رشد و كمال و سعادت خود مي‌باشند. پرسش آن است كه اعتدال مدني در قلمرو جامعه، دولت و حكومت از چه جايگاه و اهميتي برخوردار است و مبادي و اسباب تحقق آن چه مي‌باشند؟ ادعا آن است كه اعتدال مدني به معناي حاكميت علم مدني و تدبيرِ برخاسته از حاكميت حكمت و شريعت بر نظام تدبير و نظام تصميم‌گيري دولت و حاكميت توازن و تعادل ميان گروه‌ها و اصناف جامعه و برخورداري عادلانه آنها از مواهب عام دنيوي و از امكانات و فرصت‌ها مي‌باشد و رهبري حكيمانه، عدالت، همساني اصناف و گروه‌ها و تعديل خيرات عامه از اسباب آن مي‌باشند.

According to the Islamic philosophical system, the discussion connected to the moderation in the domain of community, politics and government is considered as one of the parts of moderation, and learning this issue is one the fundamental concern. Within the mundane order and the civil political life, considering their theoretical principles, they reflect on the homogenous and comprehensive development and they follow it to make balance in the civil and political life through the reflection of balance of world of genesis in the political life. In their view, when the society, politics and government are in the moderation mode, their perfection and happiness is guaranteed. The question is in regard with the position and importance of civil moderation in the arena of community, government and the principles of its fulfillment. It is claimed that the civil moderation with the sense of management of civil science and a measurement originated from the management of wisdom and religion over the measurement and decision making of government and the management of moderation between the groups and classes of society and taking a fair benefit from them will be the mundane common graces, facilities and opportunities. Moreover, the insightful leadership, justice, homogeneity of classes and groups and the balance in the public benefits is considered as its required tools. The consequence of moderate approach towards the society, politics and government is that the intellectuals will be in charge of decision making in favor of the political system and community. Accordingly, it is possible that the individuals- with diverse political and social qualifications- and the institutions develop their talents and potentials in a parallel way and the community will be the observant of cultural, political and economic pluralities and these pluralities are in unity, also it is prevented from any pluralism which is destructive for the general unity of community and political system.