بررسي تطبيقي انديشه سياسي ميرزاي ناييني و شهيد سيدمحمدباقر صدر

A Comparative Study of Political thoughts of Mirza of Naini and Shahid Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-sadr

نوشتار حاضر در صدد بررسي تطبيقي انديشه هاي سياسي دو فقيه بر جسته شيعه آيهالله «ناييني» و آيهالله «شهيد سيدمحمدباقر صدر» مي باشد. در اين پژوهش سعي شده است تا وجوه افتراق و اشتراك نظريات آنان تبيين شود. عمده-ترين وجوه اشتراك نظريات سياسي ايشان در نوع تفسير از منشا قدرت سياسي، دفاع از كيان اسلامي و اعتقا د به نقش و اراده مردم در تحقق نظام سياسي و آرمان هاي الهي مي‌باشد و وجوه افتراق نظريات سياسي اين دو فقيه در موضوعاتي؛ هم‌چون مبناي مشروعيت، ماهيت حكومت، حوزه تصرف و حاكميت فقها و نوع نگرش حاكم، قابل درك است. نكته مهم اين است كه علي رغم اشتراكات اساسي در نظريات اين دو فقيه، تفاوت ديدگاه آنان قابل چشم‌پوشي نيست، ولي تطبيق اين دو نظريه نشان مي‌دهد كه اين تفاوت ديدگاه‌ها متاثر از بحران هاي عصر آنان بوده است و هر كدام از اين انديشمندان، متاثر از شرايط مكان و بحران‌هاي خاص زمان خويش، در صدد ارايه راه حلي متفاوت برآمده اند و اين امر منجر به تفاوت ديدگاه آنان در نظريه سياسي شده است.

The present essay seeks to make a comparative study of the political thoughts of the two distinguished Shi?i faqihs (jurists), Ayatoll?h N???n? and Ayatoll?h Shahid Sayyid Muhammad B?qir al-?adr. An attempt has been made in this research work to cast light on the points of similarity and difference between their views and opinions. The chief points of similarity between their political views lie in their interpretation of the origin of political power, defense of the existence and identity of Islam and the belief in the role the Muslim community in the attainment of political system and in the national will in the fulfilment of divine aspirations. Their differences of opinion are perceptible in such issues as the basis of legitimacy, nature of the Islamic government, the extent to which a Muslim jurist can exert his influence and the rule of Muslim jurists and the kind of approach and view a Muslim ruler can take in running social affairs. The important conclusion one can draw in making a comparison between the views of the two great Muslim jurists is that, despite their basic similarities between the views and opinions of these two jurists, their differences of opinion cannot be overlooked. However, their views, when compared, show that the existing differences between their views and ideas are due to the crises they were faced with during their lifetime. Being influenced by the changing circumstances and special crises of their time, each of these two scholars have sought to propose a good, though different, solution for the problems they faced. This has brought about differences of opinion in regard to their political theories