نقش قاعده«نفي سبيل» در توسعه جوامع اسلامي

The Role of the Principle of ‘nafy-e sabil’ or ‘Rejection of the Faithless’ Dominion over the Faithful’ in the Development of Islamic Societies

قاعده «نفي سبيل»، به معناي نفي تشريعي هر گونه سلطه و استيلاي كفار بر مسلمانان است. در اين معنا مسلمانان داراي احترام و عزت نفس هستند كه نبايد تن به ذلت كفار و سلطه آنان دهند. البته صرف ارتباط با كفار منفي نيست، بلكه هر رابطه‏اي كه سبب سلطه‌پذيري و سلطه‌گري آنان گردد، ممنوع است. در معناي قاعده دو فرضيه عيني مطرح است: اول اينكه اگر اين قاعده عملي شود، عزت مسلمين حفظ و موجبات پيشرفت و توسعه جوامع اسلامي فراهم مي‏گردد. دوم اينكه ارتباط با كفار و سلطه‌پذيري آنها، سبب وابستگي علمي و فناوري به كشورهاي توسعه‌يافته كفر مي‏گردد كه در نهايت، عقب‌ماندگي، تحجر و تهاجم فرهنگي را به ارمغان مي‏آورد. اين مقاله با هدف نظام‌سازي قواعد فقه در حكومت و تمدن اسلامي، دريافته كه اين قاعده دو اصل اساسي را در جوامع اسلامي پياده مي‏كند: اول اتحاد كه در ميان خود مسلمانان شكل مي‏گيرد و از عوامل موثر و مستقيم بر توسعه پايدار مي‏باشد. دوم استقلال كه اين اصل در روابط بين‌الملل مسلمين، كاربرد دارد. اين دو مولفه از عناصر بنيادين توسعه محسوب مي‏شوند كه دست‌يابي كشورهاي اسلامي به توسعه در عصر حاضر، بدون اين دو ممكن نيست.

The principle of ‘Nafyi Sabil’ signifies the legal rejection of any dominion or rule by the faithless over the faithful [Muslims]. In this sense, all Muslims have to be honored and dignified, thus not being subjected to the dominion of the faithless and their abasement. This does not mean that one is not allowed to establish relations with them, but that one should avoid having any relation that may result in the acceptance of their rule and dominion over the Muslims. The principle in question implies two objective assumptions: the first one is that if the mentioned principle is applied, the honor and dignity of Muslims can be preserved, thus paving the ground for the progress and development of the Muslim societies. The second assumption is that any relations with the faithless and accepting their rule and sovereignty will surely result in an ever-increasing scientific and technological dependence of Muslim countries on the developed countries which, in the end, avails nothing but backwardness and retardation, thus subjecting the Muslim community to the cultural invasion. This article, aiming at showing the capability of fiqhi principles and rules in creating various systems in the Islamic government and civilization, establishes the fact that the principle in question lays the foundation of two essential elements in Muslim communities: the first is that it paves the way for Muslims to promote and maintain their unity which, in turn, is one immediate and contributory factor in stimulating ongoing development. And the second is ‘autonomy’ that is applicable in establishing international relations between Islamic countries. These two are considered to be the essential and fundamental constituent elements of development without which it is impossible for the Islamic countries to witness that any significant developments taking place in their social affairs in this modern time