اعتبارات عقلي نزد سهروردي (بررسي قاعده «كلّ ما يلزم من تكرّره محال فهو اعتباري»)

Intellectual Fictions in View of Suhrawardi (Studying the Rule of “That Repeating of Everythinglead to Impossibility That is Fiction”

قاعده «كلّ ما يلزم من تكرّره محال فهو اعتباري» كه در حكمت اشراقي و توسط سهروردي ارايه گرديده است، در زمره مبحث اعتبارات عقليه بوده و در راستاي بيان استحاله تحقق خارجي مصاديقِ مفاهيمي مانندِ وجود، ماهيت، شيييت و... مي‌باشد. اين قاعده كه در شكل شبهه‌اي بر مشاييان تنظيم گرديده، تحقق خارجي مابِاِزاي اين گونه مفاهيم را مستلزم تسلسل دانسته و آن را محال مي‌شمارد. بر اساس اين انتقاد، سهروردي اصل مبنايي مشايي را در مورد تمايز فراطبيعي وجود و ماهيت نفي كرده، در نتيجه ممكنات را مركب از وجود و ماهيت نمي‌داند. او واقعيت را انوار متكثره‌اي مي‌داند كه همان ذوات يا ماهيات متحصله‌اند. اين اصل، ديگر فيلسوفان مانند ملاصدرا را نيز تحت تاثير قرار داده و پيامدهاي ويژه‌اي در فلسفه متعاليه داشته كه مي‌توان به اصولي مانند اصالت وجود و اعتباريت ماهيت و توجه به حقيقت وجود در برابر مفهوم آن اشاره نمود.

The rule of “repeating of everything leads to impossibility that is fiction” that has been provided by Suhrawardi in illuminationist theosophy, is one of the issues of intellectual fictions and expressing the impossibility of the external realization of the examples of concepts such as: existence, essence, thingness, etc. This rule that has been regulated in the form of an objection to Peripatetic philosophers, states that the external realization of such concepts entails the endless chain and it is impossible. Based on this criticism, Suhrawardi negates the Peripatetic foundational principle about the metaphysical distinction between existence and essence, so he denies the combination of existence and essence in contingent things. He considers that the only reality is the various lights that are actualized essences or quiddities. This principle has also influenced other philosophers such as Mulla Sadra and has had special implications in transcendental philosophy that we can refer to some principles such as principality of existence and fictitiousness of quiddity and paying attention to the existence in opposite of its concept. Key words: Fictitious, Intellectual fictions, Existence, Lights, Suhrawardi.