شيوع ريسك فاكتورهاي بيماري‌هاي قلبي- عروقي در بيماران تحت عمل جراحي باي‌پس عروق كرونر: گزارش كوتاه

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing CABG: brief report

زمينه و هدف: شيوع ريسك فاكتورهای قلبی بين افرادی كه جراحی عروق كرونر انجام داده‌اند خيلی مشخص نيست. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر روی 1592 بيماری كه بين فروردين 1388 تا فروردين 1392 تحت عمل جراحی بای‌پس عروق كرونر (CABG) قرار گرفتند انجام گرفت. فاكتورها و عوامل موثر در بروز بيماری‌های قلبی بررسی گرديده و اطلاعات لازم جمع‌آوری و ارزيابی شد. يافته‌ها: 8/70% از بيماران مرد و 2/29% زن بودند. ميانگين سنی 5/739/60 سال و ميانگين وزنی 3/6 kg 91/73 بود. 3/47% دارای ديابت، 4/79% هايپركلسترومی، 3/34% سابقه مصرف سيگار، 5/64% پرفشاری خون و 2/44% نيز دارای سابقه خانوادگی ابتلا به بيماری قلبی بودند. در بين عوامل آتيپيك نيز شيوع آنژين در آنها بالا بود (8/88%). ميانگين BMI اين بيماران نيز بالاتر از حد نرمال بود 1/246/27. اما ساير عوامل غير كلاسيك شيوع بالايی نداشتند. نتيجه‌گيری: با غربالگری و شناسايی افرادی كه دارای ريسك فاكتورهای بيماری‌های قلبی می‌باشند می‌توان از بروز آترواسكلروز و در نتيجه انجام جراحی بای‌پس عروق كرونر در آينده پيشگيری نمود.

Background: Cardiovascular complications have very high incidence and are the main cause of mortality in human. Although the cardiovascular risk factors among apparently healthy subjects have been studied, these factors among patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery have not evaluated clearly. Methods: The present study is a descriptive, cross-sectional survey on 1592 patients which suffered coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) from May 2009 to May 2013 in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran. Before surgery, all patients were carefully assessed and typical and atypical cardiovascular risk factors were determined and the desired data were collected. Results: More than 70.8% of subjects were men and 29.2% were women. Average age of all patients was 60.39±7.5 years and the mean weight was 73.91±6.3 kg. Typical risk factors including: smoking, plasma cholesterol level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and family history of cardiac problems, were common in these patients. Forty seven percent of patients had diabetes mellitus, 79.4% had hypercholesterolemia, 34.3% had a smoking history, 64.5% had hypertension and 44.2% of patients had a family history of cardiovascular disease. Among atypical risk factors, various types of angina (chest pain) had high prevalence (88.8% of all). Also, mean body mass index (BMI) were higher than normal (27.46±2.1) which showed the incidence of obesity among these patients. But, other atypical risk factors did not have high incidence. Conclusion: We demonstrated that typical and well known risk factors have also high prevalence in CABG patients. Our results indicates that we can recognize high risk persons with continuous and accurate screening as a safe and inexpensive preventive tool. This can be done in both apparently healthy subjects and in cardiovascular patients. We can prevent the occurrence of severe degrees of atherosclerosis and also CABG. So the cost and performing surgeries will be decreased.