بازشناخت بوم ساخت مجتمع هاي زيستي سواحل خليج فارس در بندر لافت

Recognition of the Rural Architecture of Biological Complexes of Persian Gulf Coast in Laft Port

توجه به حفظ آثار تاريخي و بررسي آنان نه تنها نيازي فرهنگي است بلكه به عنوان موضوعي اقتصادي و پاسخگو به نيازهاي توسعه نيز مطرح است . مجتمع هاي زيستي سواحل خليج فارس معماري ويژه اي دارند كه شايد بتوان نمونه هاي كوچكي از آن ها را در جزيره قشم و به خصوص روستاي لافت يافت . آنچه معماري اين منطقه را از ديگر معماري بومي مجزا مي كند، تركيب عناصر فرمي و فضايي معماري ايراني و عربي است كه به شكل غريب و زيبايي توليد شده و همچنان در حال بهره برداري است . لافت در گوشه شمال غربي جزيره قشم استحكام و يكپارچگي كاملي در سيماي بافت خود دارد كه ناشي از سلامت و دست نخوردگي كالبدي آن است . اين مجتمع زيستي از نشانه هاي هويت ملي و فرهنگي جزيره نشينان محسوب مي شود كه نيازمند بازشناسي و معرفي بيشتر است . هدف پژوهش پيشِ رو آن است كه بر پايه منابع و اسناد و شواهد تاريخي، روش هاي ساخت ، ابزارها و ساختارهاي معماري بومي اين بندر مورد بررسي قرار گيرد تا در اين رهگذر بخشي از ارزش هاي مجموعه مذكور روشن شود . روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش مطالعه توصيفي از روش تجربي است كه با واكاوي پژوهش هاي صورت گرفته در اين زمينه و نيز در نظر گرفتن شرايط خاص اقليم گرم و مرطوب اين منطقه، براي ارايه راهكارهايي به منظور استفاده بهينه از تكنيك هاي مورد استفاده در ساختوارهاي بومي بافت مورد بررسي قرار گرفته اند و در پايان به ارايه شاخصه هاي معماري بومي در بافت و كالبدهاي معماري لافت پرداخته شده است . نتايج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر نشان مي دهد روش چيدن و تركيب فضاهاي جز از روش و سنتي پايدار پيروي مي كند . همچنين بررسي هاي صورت گرفته بر روند توسعه بافت، نشان دهنده تاثيرات عمده مساجد به عنوان مراكز محله ها در شكل گيري با فت است. علاوه بر آن، همچنين از مطالعات صورت گرفته، مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه افزايش جمعيت لافت بر تراكم آن نيفزوده بلكه موجب رشد آن در خارج از لافت و به صورت منفصل شده است و شايد يكي از دلايل حفظ سلامت بافت و ارگانيك بودن آن همين نكته باشد.

This study is intended to introduce the architecture specifications of Laft Port in Qeshm Island, in the south of Iran. Qeshm Island with the 1500 square km. is the largest island in Iran and in the Persian Gulf. Laft is a village in the rural area of Qeshm, in Hormozgan Province. The unique architectural features, as well as the environmental context of Laft with its potential are among the reasons why Laft has been selected for this research. Providing correct information about Laft could help to introduce the cultural and social potential. The general characteristics of Laft’s architecture is affected by the architecture of the central part of Iran and Arabic architecture of the Persian Gulf region of Iran, incorporating central court yards, wind catchers, and arches. Professional readers with the architecture decorative elements and the plaster works take after Arabic architecture, while major physical elements of design reflect Iranian architecture. The most obvious architectural feature of the houses is their variously-sized windbreaks (wind towers). The people of Laft constructed these elements for cooling the inner space of the building in summer. The buildings of Laft are constructed close to each other, with winding and narrow alleys. The village is in the Qeshm Island in Persian Gulf. The buildings in the background are dhows that are traditional constructions which are still being constructed in the same traditional way by local materials. Their form is also visually appealing. The originality concealed in their chronic structures, refers to the tale of Iranʹs extensive culture. Their pure and innocent nature obviously affected the melodious and decent traditional architecture. However, with development of industrial productions in Iran, the traditional characteristics disappeared. The changes were more in urban areas while rural and remote sites as the cases of Laft village remained safe and protected. Thus, this study aims to recognize the main characters of traditional architecture in the region and the ways to endure it in order to have a more valuable architecture. Researching on “Laft” has totally gained an inclusive encouragement of the local residents in order to regenerate their cultural values in the globalization era as a Free Economic zone. Another part was and entire revitalization in the coastal boundaries. The most serious part of the study was the public consciousness about the people’s social heritage. The aim of rehabilitating in laft is making a residential background suitable for human habitation and to give confidence the local residents to keep on living there. To approach the above goals, it`s needed for the constructors to be familiar with the regional materials and specialties. This is in indeed important in coastal sites of the Persian Gulf. The research method of this study is descriptive and analytical. Experimental methods are also utilized with particular attention to the climatic characters (muggy weather) of the Laft region. And finally, we have concluded that: there, you can still find a kind of traditional build form with unique architectural style of the region.