هيدروپليتيك رودخانه مرزي اترك و تاثير آن بر روابط ايران و تركمنستان

The Hydropolitic of border river Atrak and its effect on Iran’s and Turkmenistan’s relation

آب شيرين از نزولات آسماني است و بارش نزولات آسماني در جهان يكسان نبوده و تابع اقليم مناطق جغرافيايي است. بخش مهمي از آب هاي سطحي در امتداد مرزهاي جغرافيايي دو يا چند كشور جاري است. غلبه مفهوم ژيواكونومي در استفاده از رودخانه هاي مرزي، آب هاي مشترك را به يكي از موضوعات چالش انگيز در روابط دولت ها و ملت ها تبديل نموده كه رودخانه هاي مرزي ايران در شمال و جنوب كشور نيز از اين قاعده مستثني نيست. اين تحقيق در نظر دارد روشن نمايد كه ژيواكونومي رودخانه مرزي اترك پس از فروپاشي شوروي سابق و تشكيل كشور تركمنستان چه تاثيري بر امنيت سياسي و اقتصادي مناطق تركمن صحراي ايران و روابط دو كشور دارد؟ براي پاسخ به سوال مذكور از روش منابع كتابخانه اي و اينترنتي، جمع آوري اسناد و آرشيو موجود و روش ميداني استفاده شده است. تحقيق حاضر براساس اين فرضيه شكل گرفته كه بين تغيير استراتژي جهاني پس از فروپاشي شوروي سابق و غلبه مفهوم ژيواكونومي، استفاده از آب رودخانه مرزي اترك بيشتر و اهميت آن را در روابط بين ايران و تركمنستان، دو چندان نموده است. نتايج بدست آمده حاكيست كه ايران در منطقه نيمه خشك خاورميانه و جنوب غربي آسيا قرار دارد و متوسط بارش سالانه آن 200 ميلي متر است و توسعه كمي و كيفي آن، كنترل آبهاي مرزي را ضروري نموده است. تركمنستان نيز كشوري كم آب و داراي اقليم بياباني كه صد درصد منابع آبي آن از كشورهاي همسايه تامين شده و رودخانه مرزي اترك دومين منبع تامين آب شيرين آن است. برداشت بي رويه آب توسط تركمنستان و نداشتن رژيم حقوقي مناسب، زمينه چالش و منازعه بر سر آن در روابط بين دو كشور سايه انداخته است.

Extended Abstract Introduction Drinking water is the only matter of vital for human beings and the creatures on the earth that the human beings can’t produce it. 97% of all waters on the earth are salty. Increasing of society in the last 50 years, developing in industries, the need to produce more food stuffs and developing in the level of personal and social health has made drinking water more important than ago. The hydroplitic of border rivers in the south west of Asia zone and central Asia ostentate as one of important difficulties between the governments and the nations. An important part of surface waters are running in the border of Iran and its Nabors. Research Methodology In this research the main question is that: ”what was the effect of border river Atrak after destroying of CCCP on the political security and the economy of border zone of Turkmenistan and Turkmen fields of Iran?” According to basic study, this theory has been made that there is a close relation between the changing of global strategy after destroying of CCCP and framing new geopolitical zones like as central Asia and changing in methods of using from border rivers like Atrak river. The way of research in this article has made of descriptive research and logical research. We used these ways for collecting information: 1- Searching in library and internet sources. 2- Attributive and archive ways. 3- Area search and description of watched. Results Border river Atrak is one of the most important sources for obtaining water in Golestan province. Both inner and outer river Atrak (Sumbar) after passing 80 kilometers between Iran and Turkmenistan’s border, get in Turkmenistan’s land in a place named Dashli broon. Iran draw on just 85000 cubic meter from it’s 220000 cubic meter share of Atrak river water. Golestan province has 880000 hectare fields that can be used for agriculture that now about 300000 hectare of that is under plantation with water. And the other 500000 hectare don’t have constant water. Second source of water in Turkmenistan provides from border river Atrak. Developing of agriculture in two-headed of Atrak has made the hydroplitic in relation of two countries more important. Conclusion Islamic republic of Iran in case of geographical zone is one of less water area of world. Increasing of society in last 50 years ago has made Iran’s share of drinking water less. Turkmenistan country that the border river Atrak is running in borders of this country and Iran, in case of drinking water is poor. Controlling of surface water in river (Atrak) for developing in economy is important. There is no characterized legal regime for Atrak river after destroying of CCCP that has to be characterize the way of controlling it. Iran’s and Turkmenistan’s governments have to clean the water and build walls and pushing bars in two-headed of Atrak river.