چكيده لاتين :
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, excess density of population in city and it is increasing growth in bulk is led to demand and attention to urban development. Demand for urban development is one of the most important issues against human in future. Therefore, to solve this problem and obstacles, safety system of city should be developed along this to cover whole city. The most important problem about the services of fire stations is the inappropriate distribution of stations and restricted function area of present stations. So, qualities and quantities distribution of stations is investigated scientifically and professionally. Using traditional methods planning fire stations for services mean wasting papers and time, but today, using GIS serves as a tool to create proper and effective database.
In this study, we tried to locate optimized fire station in Amol city using GIS and AHP and incorporate data using index overlay method.
Research Methodology
In this study we used following methods to collect data:
1. Library and software method and using locating instructions from scientific papers and studies.
2. Interview with fire fighting expert of Amol city.
3. Field study to evaluate present stations and collecting data which were questionable.
In present study we used AHP and GIS to locate fire station in Amol city, and with field study and using present maps, numeral data as Shape file and providing distance map, weighting these data using AHP has been done and finally using software Arc GIS 9.3 these data incorporated using index overlay method and presented as fit places for locating fire stations in Amol city.
Results
In this study, for the correct locating of fire stations, firstly, effective criteria were determined and classified. Stage one: preparing position data layers:
In this stage, the 1:2000 map of detailed plan in Amol city which was provided in 1385 by housing and urban development organization, in DWG format, was entered into GIS software and converted to Shape File.
Stage two: digitizing position data layers
Digitizing effective layers in locating fire stations are performed in 3 ways:
1. Spot complications: hydrants, Mosques, oil and gas stations.
2. Polygonal complications: residential centers, educational centers, medical centers, administrative centers, industrial and workshop centers, storage centers and ….
3. Linear complications: passage network, strap business centers.
Stage three: providing distance map
In this stage, the distance map was created using spatial analyst for each criterion of position data.
Stage four: reclassifying maps on the basis of suitable areas and rating
In this stage, each map was classified into some classes according to the importance of each class, values between 1(the worst value) to 5 (the best value) was allocated to them.
“Fire stations should be near residential, business and administrative complications, main streets, storage centers, industrial centers, hydrants, gas station, and dense population places, and should be far from educational, medical and religious centers, and then reclassification will be done on the basis of suitable places into 5 classes.
Stage five: creating couple compare matrix to determine weight of criteria using Expert Choice (AHP)
In this stage, first with creating couple compare matrix between criteria which was proposed by Professor Saa’ati for the first time, that according with the importance of each criterion against another, they were compared in two.
For calculating the weight of each criterion, Expert Choice software is adopted. This software is designed for analyzing multi criteria problem using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique and is supported by Professor Saa’ati, the founder of AHP method.
Stage six: incorporating weighted criteria and providing optimized locating map for fire stations and suggesting new location
In this stage, using Raster calculator tools in GIS environment, classified maps are again multiplied to obtained weight from AHP model and incorporate together and lead to locating optimized fire stations on basis of suitable determined areas. According to the analysis, 2 new stations were considered for Amol city. The first priority is located in the area of Azadegan Boulevard, and the second priority is located in the west area of the old context, near 17 Shahrivar Boulevard.
Conclusion
It could be stated that using GIS and AHP for analyzing position data and choosing optimized location, has unique performance, so it is suggested that fire fighting organizations use these software applications to create database. It is suggested that fire fighting organization and safety services, create reasonable relationship with urban service centers to enhance their performance, and equip these centers to safety tools before the incident. It is suggested that fire fighting organization and safety services, promote in teaching citizens about how to use fire extinction tools.
The four existing stations in Amol city are suitable regarding the population of the city and that one station per 50000 persons is necessary, but because of the vastness of city, these four stations can’t service optimally to whole city. It is suggested that 2 additional medium stations to be located in city area, because one station is necessary per 100000 persons, and because Amol city has one central station and three secondary (small) stations, and this city doesn’t have medium station.
