نقش بازارهاي دوره اي محلي در توسعه اقتصادي - اجتماعي روستاهاي استان گيلان

Role of Local Periodic Markets in Economic and Social Development of Villages of Guilan Province

بازارهاي دوره اي محلي، مكاني براي فروش محصولات توليدي كشاورزان و روستاييان مي باشند. اين بازارها نقش مهمي در توسعه روستايي دارند. زيرا هر تغيير و تحول در اين بازارها بر روي زندگي به ويژه بهره وري هاي اقتصادي روستاييان و كشاورزان اثر مي گذارد. بر اين اساس هدف اين تحقيق مطالعه بازارهاي دوره اي محلي و نقش آن در توسعه روستايي است. منطقه مورد مطالعه اين تحقيق در 9 شهر داراي بازارهاي دوره اي محلي مي باشد كه جامعه آماري آن شامل 300 فروشنده بوده است كه به صورت قراردادي نيمي از جامعه مورد تحقيق مورد پرسش گري قرارگرفته اند. شهرهاي نمونه بر اساس نمونه گيري طبقه اي انتخاب شدند. در هر شهر با كمك نمونه گيري تصادفي سيستماتيك، نمونه ها از ميان فروشندگان انتخاب شدند. پايايي تحقيق توسط آلفاي كرونباخ مورد آزمون قرار گرفت و روايي آن نيز توسط متخصصان كشاورزي و جغرافياي روستايي سنجش و بررسي شده است. داده هاي كسب شده در پرسش گري توسط نرم افزار SPSS داده پردازي و تحليل شدند و از روش هاي توصيفي (ميانگين، انحراف معيار، و C.V) و تحليل عاملي جهت تحليل داده ها استفاده شده است. نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه بازارهاي دوره اي محلي در ابعاد اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي اثر مثبتي بر توسعه روستايي منطقه مورد مطالعه داشته اند. زيرا نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه در بعد اقتصادي سه مولفه، در بعد اجتماعي و فرهنگي دو مولفه در بازارهاي دوره اي وجود دارند كه بر توسعه روستايي اثر گذارند و عامل توسعه اقتصادي و اجتماعي در نواحي روستايي منطقه مي شوند.

Introduction Local periodic markets are places that villagers and farmers go there for selling crops. Therefore these markets have an important role in local development. Thus each transformation in these markets effects on villagers and farmers. Aim of this investigation is study of the local periodic markets and its role in local development. The local periodic markets have important role in rural economic in Guilan province and therefore each change and evolution in this markets effect on rural economic and society. Therefore, solution of these problems must be principle priority in region planning. This investigation study that how these problems resolve. Therefore there are some problems that may study: 1.What are economic dimensions of the local periodic markets in rural development? 2.What are cultural and social dimensions of the local periodic markets in rural development? 3.What is effective component in economic and cultural and social dimensions of the local periodic markets in rural development? Research Methodology This investigation does in 9 cities in Guilan province they have local periodic markets. Statistical population includes half of total society that includes 300 sellers. Sampling method for this selection was stratified sampling. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the samples from among the sellers in each city. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alfa. Validity was studied by in geographical and agricultural experts. Data was calculated by SPSS software and investigators used from per cent, mean, C.V and factor analysis for analyzing data. With regard to the study area, the study was conducted in Guilan province in Iran; Guilan is located at 36’ and 34” to 38’ and 27” northern latitude and 48’ and 53” to 50’ and 34” eastern longitude from the Greenwich meridian.Guilan is one of the northern provinces of Iran that its extent is 14711 km. It is about 9% of Iran extent. This province lies along the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil, north of the provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin. The center of the province is the city of Rasht. Results Results say that economic dimension is equal 2.60 that it shows that the local periodic markets have economic effects on rural development. But cultural and social dimension is equal 3.25 that it shows that local periodic markets do not have effect on rural development. In economic dimension, there are 3 components that effect on rural development (71.025 of total), and in cultural and social dimension, there are 2 components that effect on rural development (67.35 of total). Conclusion This paper mentions that the local periodic markets have important role in rural development. In social and cultural dimension, they effect on villagers’ social situation, help to women empowerment, increase interaction between cities and villages and identify local traditions to visitors. In economic dimension, the local periodic markets produce jobs, income, decrease poverty and help to crop sale. In sellers’ motivating dimension, the sellers like their work but jobs, money and employment are important reasons for working in the market. The researchers show that there are some components in the local periodic markets that effect on rural development. In economic dimension, these factors include: production and marketing factor, income factor, and occupation factor. In social and cultural dimension, these factors include: rural and urban interaction and income factor. And in sellers’ motivating dimension, these factors include: professional factor, families’ factor, money factor and shopping factor. For the local periodic markets, the researchers have some recommendations that include: 1.it is essential that government intervene in the local periodic markets for to help the sellers; 2.the sellers are almost poor and government should protect them by credit, loam and insurance, and 3.The local periodic markets are Iranian cultural heritage that must protect.