ارزيابي ژيوكانزرويشن با تاكيد بر زمين گردشگري(مطالعه موردي : منطقه دماوند)

Evaluating Geoconservation by Focusing on Geotourism (Case Study: Damavand Region)

ژيوكانزرويشن را حفاظت از پديده‌هاي زمين‌شناسي وژيومورفولوژيك مي‌دانند و تلاش براي حفظ ژيودايورسيتي و ميراث زمين‌شناختي تعريف كرده‌اند. در واقع ژيوكانزرويشن رويكردي براي مديريت و حفاظت از سنگ‌ها، سايت‌هاي فسيل‌دار، لندفرم‌ها و خاك‌هاست. منطقه دماوند از جمله مناطقي است كه داراي جاذبه‌ها و پتانسيل‌هاي زمين گردشگري منحصر به فردي در سطح كشور مي‌باشد و در صورت حفاظت و مديريت ژيومورفوسايت ها فرصتي براي توسعه پژوهش‌هاي علمي ،آموزش دانشجويان و عموم مردم و توسعه فعاليت‌هاي زمين گردشگري و ايجاد درآمد براي ساكنان محلي فراهم خواهد شد .هدف از اين نوشتار ارزيابي ژيوكانزرويشن با مقايسه‌ي دو روش رينارد ومدل Topsis از 16ژيومورفوسايت در منطقه دماوند است.شاخص‌هاي مورد استفاده در هر دو روش در اين پژوهش شامل :ارزش‌هاي زيبايي،اكولوژيكي،اقتصادي ،علمي، زمين تاريخي، كميابي،حفاظت ،شاخص بودن و فرهنگي مي‌باشند. روش پژوهش كمي -كيفي بوده و روش گردآوري اطلاعات كتابخانه‌اي - ميداني است. نتايج به دست آمده در هر دو روش همپوشاني 50 درصدي را نشان مي‌دهد يعني در هر دو روش آتشفشان دماوند و چشمه اعلا بيش‌ترين امتياز و پوكه معدني و سيرك يخچالي كمترين امتياز را به جهت حفاظت و زمين گردشگري كسب نموده‌اند.

Introduction Geoconservation is defined as “protecting geological and geomorphological phenomena and attempting to maintain geodiversity and geological heritage”. In fact, geoconservation is an approach for managing and protecting stones, fossil sites, landforms, and soil. Conserving geological heritage is necessary because geosites are subject to several threats such as illegal collections, destructions, inappropriate uses, mining, and improper legislations. If geosites are protected and managed, an opportunity will be provided for developing scientific studies, training students and the public, extending geotourism activities, and creating income for the local residents. The suggested geopark in Damavand region is located between longitude East 51 35 5 and longitude North 35 42 37 and longitude East 53 6 19 and longitude North 35 42 7, and is one of the regions which has unique geotourism attractions and potentials in the country; and if geosites are protected and managed, an opportunity will be provided for developing scientific studies, training students and the public, extending geotourism activities, and creating income for the local residents. Among internal and foreign scholars who have worked on this subject, we can refer to Gary (2004) and his book Diversity of Geological Phenomena: Valuing and Protecting the Still Life, which proposes the topic from the viewpoint of protecting geological phenomena. (Yamani et al., 2012, p. 13) In geomorphotourism and comparison of geomorphosites evaluation methods in developing tourism in Hormozgan province based on Reynard’s model, from among quadruple sites, the raised beaches and the mud volcanos obtained the highest and the lowest score respectively. As can be seen, among the 16 geomorphosites, in Topsis model, A’la Spring with +Ci = 0.67 and glacier cirque with +Ci = 0.28 obtained the highest and the lowest score respectively. In Reynard’s model, results of the study show that Damavand Volcano with the score 3.8 and 3.5, and A’la Spring with the score 4 and 3.3, obtained the highest score in most of the assays compared to other geomorphosites, from the total of the maximum final score for each of the scientific and complementary assays, so that they were selected as the best geomorphosites with the highest score in terms of different assays in other criteria. The lowest score belonged to the sites of pumice mines with the score 1.8 and 2.3, which obtained the lowest score in most of the assays compared to other geomorphosites, from the total of the final score for each of the scientific and complementary assays. In sum, it can be said that both models have 50-percent overlap which is due to their subjectivity; also, subjective thoughts of the researcher have a crucial effect on determining the scores. This is one of the disadvantages of these models. In planning for geotourism, the host site or a country can affect the profits and maximization of investments, while it protects the local resources. Methodology In order to evaluate geoconservation in this area, operations of collection, production, completion, and preparation of information layers using topography maps, geology, and field studies in the area of interest were conducted through the following steps: 1. Digitizing and making GIS – Ready topography map 2. Land inspection for the sake of creating a new information layer, and synchronizing the data 3. Modelling (using aesthetic, ecologic, economic, and scientific criteria, geohistory, scarcity, protection, indexicality, and cultural criteria through comparing Reynard’s model and Topsis model) Results and discussion Here, in order to evaluate the suggested sites, considering the opinions of experts and the field inspections by the authors, each of the intended values and sub-criteria in Reynard method and Topsis model were scored. Data are presented in the following table. geomorphosites are evaluated because not all geomorphosites are qualified to be used for scientific and educational studies and for creating income. In this paper, we attempted to choose those geomorphosites that are of higher scientific and educational importance and are more protected.