مقايسه وزن جفت و نوزاد در مادران سالم و مبتلا به ديابت حاملگي: گزارش كوتاه

Comparing the size and weight of placenta and birth weight in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes: brief report

زمينه و هدف: در خانم‌های باردار با ديابت كنترل نشده، اندازه و وزن جفت افزايش پيدا می‌كند. هدف از اين مطالعه بررسی و مقايسه وزن و اندازه جفت و وزن نوزاد بين اين دو گروه بود. روش بررسی: در يك پژوهش آينده نگر كه از مهر 1391 تا اسفند 1392 در بيمارستان‌های وليعصر (عج) و شريعتی تهران انجام شد، طی آن 67 خانم باردار سالم و 42 خانم باردار مبتلا به ديابت بارداری كنترل شده انتخاب شدند. توسط دستگاه سونوگرافی طول و عرض جفت و پس از زايمان وزن جفت و نوزاد اندازه‌گيری شد و مورد تجزيه و تحليل آماری قرار گرفت. يافته‌ها: تفاوتی بين خانم‌های باردار دارای ديابت بارداری و سالم در مورد متغيرهای وزن نوزاد و جفت و طول و عرض جفت، نسبت وزن جفت به وزن نوزاد و ايندكس توده بدن وجود نداشت، اما تعداد بارداری در افراد سالم 791/1 و در افراد دارای ديابت بارداری 9762/1 بود كه با هم تفاوت معنادار داشت (0217/0P=) و در مورد متغير تعداد تولد نيز به ترتيب 65672/0 و 8100/0 بود كه با هم تفاوت معنادار آماری داشت (0183/0P=). نتيجه‌گيری: تفاوت معنادار آماری بين وزن و اندازه جفت و وزن نوزاد در دو گروه وجود نداشت.

Background: Diabetes can cause undesirable changes in structure of the placenta, re-sulting increase in size and weight of placenta. The aim of this study was, to investigate the placenta weight, size and birth weight of infants in pregnant women with controlled gestational diabetes compared with normal pregnancy. Methods: This study was conducted from October, 2012 to February, 2014 in two dif-ferent hospitals, Valiasr and Shariati Hospitals in Tehran. Sixty-seven healthy singleton pregnant and 42 pregnant women with diabetes were selected during 26-28 weeks of gestational ages. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed to evaluate blood glu-coses. Blood glucoses were controlled in diabetic cases very well. Length and width of the placentas were measured using ultrasonography during pregnancy. After termina-tion of pregnancy, placental weights were measured and recorded using weighting scale with 10 gram accuracy by someone who didnʹt know about diabetes status. Baby weights were measured after birth and initial stabilisation. Results: In this study, there were no significant differences between gestational diabe-tes mellitus (GDM) and healthy groups in Body Mass Index (BMI) factors. There was no statistically significant differences between the mean weight of infants born with gestational diabetes and control groups. There were no statistically significant differ-ences between the mean placental weights between two groups. Ratio of the placental weights to the birth weights between the two groups were not statistically significant. The mean placental length, width and placenta length times by width in two groups had no significant differences, but the mean gravidities in healthy group was 1.7910 and in gestational diabetes mellitus was 1.9762 that are significantly different (P=0.0217). The mean parities respectively were 0.6567 and 0.8100 which was not sig-nificantly different (P=0.0183). Conclusion: The present study has shown there was no significant differences between fetal and placental weights in normal pregnancies and women with controlled gesta-tional diabetes.