بازشناسي الگوي معماري و ساختار فضايي خانه باغ هاي اسلاميه شهرستان فردوس

Exploration of the Architectural Pattern and Environmental Texture of Garden Houses of Islamiyeh of Ferdows County

اسلاميه شهري است در شمال شرقي فردوس كه بعد از زلزله سال 1347 خورشيدي در اين منطقه تاسيس گرديد. خانه هاي اين شهر توسط معماران محلي و بدون حمايت و نظارت دولت وقت احداث شد. در اين پژوهش سعي بر آن است با ارايه پلان و عكس به توضيح و توصيفي در مورد معماري اين خانه ها دست يازيم. مطالعات انجام گرفته مويد اين امر است خانه هاي احداث شده بعد از زلزله در اين شهر تقريباً داراي پلان يكسان بوده و به صورت خانه باغ بنا شده اند و ساختار فضايي شامل ايوان ورودي، هشتي، دالان، حياط، اتاق هايي با كاركردهاي مختلف و باغي كه ساختمان در آن قرار گرفته، مي باشد. مصالح به كار رفته در خانه باغ هاي اسلاميه اكثراً بوم آورد است از قبيل خشت و گل و آجر؛ جهت خانه ها همگي بدون استثنا شمال غربي- جنوب شرقي (رون اصفهاني) بوده اين خانه ها در بعد از زلزله - خلاف خانه هاي سازماني كه توسط دولت در فردوس ساخته شده بود- از نمونه خانه هاي قبل از زلزله فردوس الگو گرفته است. خانه هاي تاريخي فردوس كه كاملاً با اوضاع اجتماعي، معيشتي و اعتقادي مردم و خصوصاً شرايط اقليمي منطقه متناسب بوده الگويي براي خانه باغ هاي تازه تاسيس بعد از زلزله در اسلاميه است.

Islamiyeh is a city in the northeast of Ferdows which is established after the earthquake in solar year of 1347 in this region. The houses of this county crated by local architects without any support or supervision of the rolling government. In this research the attempt has been made to explain and describe about the architecture of these houses by the use of image and photos. The accomplished studies verifies this fact that the established houses after earthquake in this city approximately contain the same kind of image and created in the form of garden house and the environmental texture includes the entrance porch, vestibule, porch dome, courtyard, rooms with various functions and the garden which contains a building in itself. The used materials in the garden houses of Islamiyeh are mostly from ecological materials; such as mud brick, clay, brick; all the side points of these houses were in northwest- southeast without exception (Roon-e Isfahan) and these houses after the earthquake- in contrary to the organizational houses which has been built in Ferdows by the government- and has modeled from the houses before the Ferdows’s earthquake. The historic houses of Ferdows which were totally in harmony with the social, livelihood and ethical circumstances of people and especially with ecological condition of the region, are the pattern modeling for newly established garden houses after the earthquake in Islamiyeh. Key Words: Architectural Modeling, Environmental Texture, Garden houses of Islamiyeh, Ferdows.