تصويب موافقت نامه‏ هاي همكاري‏هاي قضايي بين‏ المللي؛ مشكلات و راه حل‏ ها‏

Ratification of International Judicial Agreement in Iran; Problems and Solutions

از سال 1378 تاكنون 45 موافقت نامه همكاري قضايي بين المللي در زمينه هاي استرداد مجرمان، انتقال محكومان به حبس و ساير شيوه هاي معاضدت هاي قضايي كيفري و حقوقي به تصويب مجلس شوراي اسلامي رسيده است. اما اين موافقت نامه ها نوعاً مورد ايراد شوراي نگهبان قرار گرفته و به دليل اصرار مجلس بر مصوبه خود به مجمع تشخيص مصلحت نظام ارسال شده و نهايتاً نيز همگي آن ها در آن مجمع به تصويب رسيده اند. چنين چرخه اي، هر چند قانوني تلقي مي شود، اما تكرار آن قابل دفاع نيست. زيرا امر استثنايي را به قاعده تبديل مي كند. افزون بر اين، تاكنون دلايل شوراي نگهبان در ردّ اين موافقت نامه ها مورد نقد و ارزيابي قرار نگرفته است. مقاله حاضر در پي آن است كه راهكارهاي نقضي و حلي ارايه نمايد تا شوراي نگهبان بتواند به استناد آن ها موافقت نامه ها را تاييد كند.

Domestic courts of every country need to interact and cooperate with foreign courts to deal with cases in connection with the legal and judicial system of a foreign state such as extradition, transfer of prisoners, investigation of accused or hearing the witnesses who may be reside in the territory of a foreign state. However, achievement this goal often requires to have a special Act which assures the reciprocity action of every state. Therefore, the best way is to provide for the agreements of legal and judicial assistance between states. These agreements, bilaterally or multilaterally, oblige the states to cooperate with each other. In Iran, before the Islamic Revolution, a total of five agreements have been signed mainly with neighboring states. Now, this number has increased to 45 and a total of 110 different agreements are currently under discussion. In this situation, approving of these agreements has been systematically denied by the Guardian Council of the Constitution. In contrast, the Expediency Council systematically approves these agreements. But such a cycle would not supportable and therefore, a solution should be found. This study suggests some legal solutions and General Policies which helps the Guardian Council to confirm the agreements relating to the international judicial and legal assistance.