امكان سنجي توانمندسازي سكونتگاه هاي غيررسمي بر بنيان سياست هاي دارايي مبناي توسعه اجتماعات محلّي مطالعه موردي: سكونتگاه هاي غيررسمي كلانشهر تبريز

empowerment of informal settlements based on asset based policies of communities development

سكونتگاه­های غیر­رسمی به­ عنوان پدیده­ای با ابعاد كالبدی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فضایی گسترده، معلول شهرنشینی مدرن و گفتمان پیشرفت در عصر روشنگری است كه الگوی توسعه پایدار شهری را به چالش می­كشد. از اواخر دهه 1980 میلادی، رهیافت توانمندسازی با حمایت بانك جهانی به دنبال تحول و ساماندهی این نوع اجتماعات محلی از درون با سیاست­سازی دارایی _ مبنا و با تكیه بر دارایی­های محلی از قبیل سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه كالبدی و سرمایه اندك مالی این نوع اجتماعات است تا با رویكرد فرایند­گرایی، جامع نگریِ خوشبختی مردم و مكان و نیز ظرفیت­سازی سكونتگاه­های غیر­رسمی ، تعهد و توانمند­سازی را جایگزین فرهنگ استحقاق و بی بند­و­باری كند كه درواقع پیامد سیاست­های نیاز _ مبنای توسعه اجتماعات محلی است. این مقاله  بر مبنای روابط درونی رهیافت توانمند­سازی و سیاست­سازی دارایی _ مبنا پیش می­رود. روش تحقیق توصیفی _ تحلیلی است. محلات اسكان غیر­رسمی مُلا­زینال، سیلاب، قوشخانه و خلیل­آباد خوشه­های تحقیق هستند كه حجم نمونه 224 نفر می­باشد. نتایج حاكی از آن است كه مؤلفه­های سیاست دارایی _ مبنای توسعه اجتماعات محلی  (یعنی سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه كالبدی و سرمایه مالی) در توانمندسازی سكونتگاه­های غیر­رسمی تأثیر معنی­داری دارند. 

Informal settlements as a phenomenon with physical, socio-economic and spatial dimensions, are caused by modern urbanization and progress discourse in the enlightenment era present challenges for sustainable city development. Since the late 1980s, empowerment approach by patronage of the World Bank has been searching for transformation and regularization of these types of communities by fiscal policy making based on local assets such as social capital, physical capital and low financial capital with a process-oriented approach, a holistic view of place and people’s happiness as well as capacity building of informal settlements in order to replace a culture of entitlement and of libertinism which is the outcome of need-based policies of community development. This article is based on the internal relationship between empowerment and asset based policy making. The aim of this article is to find the effect of social, physical, and local assets on the empowerment of informal settlements of Tabriz. Asset is defined as the financial, social, economic, and physical capabilities of humans. Its appearance on the local scale is in a network format. Asset based approaches have three characteristics: (1) since it focuses on extending capacity, it is process-oriented, (2) as it focuses on all assets, it is social-oriented, and finally (3), it is an instrument. This view tends toward the congruence of “people’s happiness and place”. This paper is based on the following essential question: what is the role of local financial, physical and social assets in the empowerment informal settlements of Tabriz? Tabriz Metropolitan area is situated the northwest of Iran. Many informal settlements populations in Tabriz are especially in the northeast, south and southeast zones of the city. The physical and socio- economic situation of the informal settlements in the diverse city zones have varying characters. However, the subject of this study is how the empowerment approach can be used best in Tabriz’s informal settlements. Research method is descriptive – analytical. In the conceptual model we have tried to present how asset-based policy-making can lead to empowerment. The following indexes were selected to represent empowerment: a sense of competence, autonomy, effectiveness, being meaningful and a sense of trust. The research was carried out in the informal settlements of Molazeynal, Seylab, Gushkhane and Khalil Abad quarters are the research clusters. The sample size was 224 people. In conclusion, the components of asset based policy, namely social capital, physical capital and financial capital, in a communityʹs development have a significant impact on the empowerment of informal settlements.