آيين و رسوم مهريه نزد برخي مسلمانان در سده اول و دوم هجري

The Custom of Marriage Portion among Some Muslims during Both First and Second Centuries AH

«مهريه» به‌عنوان يكي از اركان ازدواج، سنتي ديرپا در ميان مسلمانان است كه از رسوم و شيوه‌هاي خاصي تبعيت مي‌كند. هرچند اين رسم از امور امضايي شريعت اسلامي است، اما تغييراتي در آن پديد آمد؛ تغييراتي چون ميزان مهر و تعلق وجه آن به خود زن كه جايگزين رسوم پيشين شد. اين رسم در ادوار مختلف اسلامي تابع دگرگوني اوضاع معيشتي مسلمانان دچار تحولاتي شد و با همه تاكيدات اسلامي، و با شكل‌گيري مهرالسنه در جامعه اسلامي و اصرار بر اخلاقي بودن آن، هيچ‌گاه الگوي روشني مورد اتباع مسلمانان قرار نگرفت. به دلايل گوناگون، اين مقوله راهي پر فراز و نشيب پيموده و تحولاتي در چگونگي آن در جامعه اسلامي روي داد. در اين مقاله كوشيده شد تا تصويري از اين رسم در دو سده اوليه اسلامي كه به‌گونه‌اي ظرف تحقق سنت اسلامي است، ارايه شود.

As one of the components of marriage, “marriage portion” is an ancient tradition among Muslims which follows particular customs and methods. Although this custom is from those sanctified by Islamic Shari’ah, it underwent some changes. Some changes such as the amount of marriage portion and its being the right of woman herself taken as a substitution for the previous customs. This custom was subject to changes rooted in the Muslims’ livelihood during various Islamic periods and underwent evolutions. With all the Islamic emphasizes and formation of Mahrulsonnah within the Islamic society and insistence on its moral nature, a clear pattern was never followed by the Muslims. Based on various reasons, this category was passed through a path full of ups and downs and some evolutions happened for it in the Islamic society. It has been attempted to indicate an image of this custom during the first two Islamic centuries which is, to some extent, Islamic tradition realization.