جايگاه راويان در رجال شيخ طوسي

The Narrators’ Position in Sheikh Tusi’s Rijal

الرجال شيخ طوسي كه در سيزده باب تدوين و 8900 راوي را دربر مي‌گيرد، تنها با هدف شمارش روايتگران از معصومين^ و نيز تعيين طبقات آنان تاليف شده است. در اين پژوهش با بررسي و ارايه نمونه‌هايي، درپي طرح اين مسيله هستيم كه تقسيم‌بندي شيخ در ذكر جايگاه راويان بر چه مباني و روشي استوار است. شيخ با اينكه كاملاً درپي بيان وثاقت، ضعف، جرح و تعديل نبوده است، اما در مجموع روش رجالي او مبتني بر امتناع از تضعيف ضعفا يا نهايتاً جرح خفيف است، كه بيشتر از روحيات ميانه‌رو و معتدلانه وي نشيت گرفته است و البته بي‌ارتباط با شرايط تاريخي عصر او، يعني ابتداي روي كار آمدن سلجوقيان متعصب در مذهب شافعي و تشديد درگيري‌هاي بين شيعه و سني نيست. حاصل تلاش او در اين شرايط حساس، توثيق راوياني از اهل‌سنت و فرقه‌هاي مختلف شيعه است تا از ابعاد آسيب‌هاي اين درگيري‌ها بكاهد. ازاين‌رو دايره رجالي او گستردگي زيادي يافته و نمي‌توان صرفاً با استناد به وجود نام كسي در اين كتاب، به امامي يا حتي شيعي بودن وي اطمينان يافت.

Sheikh Tusi’s Al-Rijal, being compiled in thirteen chapters and including 8900 narrators, has been written with the aim of counting the narrators of the immaculate imams and determining their ranks. The paper is an attempt to find out the principles and methods on which Sheikh’s classification of the narrators` position was based. Although Sheikh has not sought to state reliability, weakness, and to modify the matters in detail, his Rijali method, in general, is based on refraining from undermining the vulnerable people or, ultimately, from weakening the weak. And it is the fact originated from his moderate mood and, at the same time, being partially related to the historical situation of his era i.e. the early arrival of the Seljuks prejudiced in Shafei religion that led to the intension of conflicts between Shia and Sunni. The result of his attempt in this delicate situation is documentation of some narrations from the Sunnis and different Shia sects to reduce some dimensions of these damages. Therefore, his Rijali circle has been considerably expanded. It should be mentioned that referring to only the name of someone in this book does not mean that one could make sure that he is Imami or even Shiite.