زيبايي شناسي كانت و زيبايي “ جشن تولد” پينتربه كاربردن زيباي‌‌يشناسي ذهني كانت در “ جشن تولد” به مثابه عين مدعي زيبايي

Kant’s Aesthetics Theory and Beauty of “The Birthday Party” by Harold Pinter: Applying the Subjective Theory of Immanuel Kant in Philosophical Aesthetics in “The Birthday Party” as the Objective Claim

چكيده به كاربردن نظريه ذهني كانت در زيباي يشناسي، براي بررسي اثري هنري به عنوان عين مدعي زيبايي، موانع بسياري دارد. در اين مقاله سعي بر آن است كه اين موانع از سر راه برداشته شود. به اين منظور، ابتدا تعاريف كانت از مقوله «زيبا » و «زيبايي » مرور م يشود. سپس سازوكار قواي شناسايي انساني براي ارايه داوري ذوقي در شكلي استعاري مدل سازي مي گردد. از اين روش سه قابليت عيني براي امر زيبا بر مبناي اصول ذهني زيبايي شناسي كانت استنتاج خواهد شد. با اين ابزار و به عنوان نمونه به بررسي ويژگي هايي از نمايشنامه «جشن تولد » هارولد پينتر پرداخته مي شود كه آن را به عنوان عين واجد زيبايي مستحق صدور حكم ذوقي م يكند.

Abstract Classic texts in philosophy are very important to shape the peoples thinking but this affection is commonly indirect. Philosophers explain aspects of our life by their special terminology, and therefore applying these explanations in specific subject is not possible. One of the most important philosophers is Kant, and his “Critic of Judgment” is among the most important texts in this case. Applying the subjective theory of Immanuel Kant in aesthetic, in propose of surveying an artistic item as the objective acclaim of Beauty, is facing many obstacles such as no clearance regarding subjectivity and identity in definition of Beau and the Art. Kant starts his analysis from human cognition and attempts to clear the concept of Beau and the Art in this way. But this article attempts to remove some of these hinders. Kant’s theory is very important in philosophy but it has problems for explanation of – for example – a play. So, first of all, reviewing Kant’s definitions on Beau based on Quad Moments will be done. Then the reputation of Kant regarding his system of aesthetic among the outstanding theories in history of his aesthetic and philosophy of art will be presented. And after that, simulation the mechanism of the human cognition for offering the judgment of taste in a metaphorical pattern, as well as the concept of dialectic of taste-cognition will be introduced. The obtained system, using viewpoints of “Hans-George Gadamer” about the similarity between the structure of art and play, will present three objective aptitudes for beau based on subjective principles of Kant’s aesthetic which two aptitudes of them are in negative way and the other one is in Exigency way. With default of Beauty as the inherent property of art and by using this inductive system, the article tries to eliminate the basic bugs which theory of contemporary Art extracts from the philosophic aesthetic. Using this method, and as a sample, features of ‘The Birthday Party’ play by Harold Pinter which makes it meritorious as the Beautiful to get judgment of taste, will be surveyed. Harold Pinter is a very important playwright in the history of modern theatrical art, and “the Birthday Party” is a special case in his plays. Surveying this play can clear several aesthetical aspects of modern plays. On the other hand Harold Pinter is a contemporary artist and Kant is a philosopher in the Enlightenment. Finding a relation between the thoughts of these two humanity stars in Philosophy and Art can help us to reconnoiter and exploration of more relations between the worlds of philosophy and art.