بررسي رابطه دولت-ملت با ظهور نهاد درام در دوره پهلوي اول در جستجوي جايي ميان رمان ايراني و درام مشروطه

A Survey on the Relation of the Nation-State to the Rise of Drama Institution in the 1st Pahlavi Period

چكيده نيمه دوم سده سيزدهم شمسي در تاريخ ايران معاصر حايز اهميت ويژ هاي است. موج تغييرات گسترده اجتماعي- سياسي آرام آرام جريان يافت و به پا خاست و مشروطيت شكل گرفت كه پس از استقرار و ثبات نسبي به برافتادن دودمان قاجار و ظهور حكومت پهلوي منجر شد. اين تغيير از آن رو اهميت دارد كه قدرت سياسي حكومت نيز - با وجود حفظ نظام سلطنتي- تغييرات نسبي ساختاري را پذيرفت و دولت مدرن يا دولت-ملت با تلفيقي از استبداد پا گرفت؛ پهلوي اول. اين وضعيت در لايه هاي مختلف اجتماع اثر كرد و بالطبع ادبيات آن دوره را نيز از آن متاثر بود. در اين ميان درام ايراني ]كه پيشتر در دوره مشروطه ظهوري سياس تگون داشت[ هم چهره جديدي گرفت و رنگ عوض كرد. ولي دلايلي موجود بود كه نتواند بازتاب مناسبي براي دولت-ملت در عصر رضاخان باشد. اگرچه از نظر كاركرد هنري يا فرهنگي باري را به دوش گرفت و حتي توسعه يافت ماهيت و ساختاري عاريه اي بروز داد. تغيير استبداد سنتي به دولت- ملت استبدادي موجد ساختاري اجتماعي- سياسي شد كه نياز به ظهور گون هاي به مثابه واسطه يا ميانجي داشت. بررسي ارتباط درام با ساختار اجتماعي- سياسي جديد شناخت بهتري از ماهيت آن ارايه م يكند.

Abstract The second half of the thirteenth century in the solar calendar (1250-1300) is very important in the history of Iran. Vast social-political changes took place gradually and led to the Constitutional Monarchy which, after being established and stable, caused overthrow of Qajar and advent of Pahlavi Dynasty. Despite maintaining the monarchy system, political power of the government accepted the structural changes, and the importance of this change was due to that. Then, a modern state or nation-state settled down in combination with autocracy: the First Pahlavi. This situation affected different layers of the society and, naturally, art, literature and basically aesthetics of that period were influenced. In the meantime, Iranian drama (which had a kind of political advent under the influence of the so-called changes and social events in the Constitution Period before) changed its face and color. But drama was not able to be a good reflection of the nation-state in Reza Khan Period, and there were some reasons for that. Although it had some cultural or artistic functions, and even developed, its nature and structure were artificial. Changing from the traditional autocracy to an autocratic nation-state brought about a political-social system that needed the advent of a genre as a medium. Meanwhile certain phenomena had important roles in the advent of this medium. Some phenomena such as bazaar, modernity, shaping of the middle class, and other reasons had a crucial role in distinguishing a special literary medium or genre. Every political-social period finds its medium. This medium can be of literary forms or art genres. The Constitution did it well and its inherently political drama came out. But the 1st Pahlavi Period was different from the Constitution Period. So by referring to drama of the Constitution and novel of Reza Khan Period, we will clarify nature, structure and genealogy of drama of the Reza Khan Period: how is it related to the modern state of Reza Khan, and also how is it different from and similar to the drama, which is the other dominant literary institution in that period. This nature comes from the society and its political system