ميزان رضايتمندي ساكنان محله نارمك از فضاهاي باز و تسهيلات عمومي محيط مسكوني

Residents’ Satisfaction from Neighborhood Open Spaces and Public Amenities in High-Density Residential Districts (Case Study: 8th District of Tehran)

محله نارمك را مي توان محله اي ناميد كه از ابتدا با هدف ايجاد فضاهاي جمعي در كنار تقسيم بندي هاي مرسوم قطعه هاي زمين طراحي شده است. اما عدم تغيير تسهيلات عمومي و فضاهاي جمعي همزمان با افزايش تراكم در نارمك و تبديل خانه هاي تك واحدي به آپارتمان ها مي تواند سبب عدم رضايتمندي ساكنان از اين عرص ههاي عمومي شده و با تبديل آن ها به مكان هايي پرازدحام و شلوغ و به دور از آرامش، از ميزان بهره برداري ساكنان از اين فضاها بكاهد. اين مقاله با هدف تعيين ميزان رضايتمندي ساكنان نارمك پس از بيان تعاريف اوليه لازم- شناخت مشكلات موجود در منطقه كه سبب نارضايتي احتمالي ساكنان شده و يا ميزان استفاده آنان از فضاهاي جمعي را كاهش داده و نيز عوامل ايجاد اين مشكل ها انجام گرفته است. با بررسي اين نمونه موردي مي توان به راهكارهايي در جهت رفع مشكل ها در نمونه هاي موجود اين چنيني دست يافت و همچنين در طراحي هاي آينده تدابيري انديشيد تا فضاهاي جمعي طراحي شده كه از نكات بسيار مهم و كليدي در طراحي محله ها و مجتمع هاي مسكوني هستند، هميشه زنده و قابل استفاده باقي بمانند. روش تحقيق پژوهش حاضر بدين گونه است كه در مرحله نخست مباني نظري تحقيق از طريق مطالعات كتابخانه اي تدوين و تهيه گرديده كه بر اساس نتايج حاصل از فرضيات تحقيق شكل گرفته بودند. در مرحله بعدي براي آزمون فرضيات تحقيق، مطالعات ميداني روي ميدان هاي نارمك انجام و طي دو مرحله توزيع پرسشنامه با جامعه آماري 40 و 50 نفر، نتايج موردنياز استخراج و تجزيه و تحليل گرديدند. يافته ها نشان داد كه ساكنان به طور متوسط از اين ميدا نها براي قدم زدن و يا گذران اوقات فراغت استفاده مي نمايند. آن ها همچنين مهم ترين عوامل ايجاد مشكل در محله را به دليل كمبود پاركينگ، تعداد بالاي ساكنان و ساختمان سازي هاي متعدد مي دانند. روابط همسايگي و نيز رضايتمندي كلي ساكنان از محله در حد متوسط ارزيابي گرديده است.

Neighborhood satisfaction or residents’ overall evaluation of their neighborhood environment has long been a major research topic in sociology, planning, and the related disciplines. Research suggests that it has a multidimensional basis relating to both the actual and the perceived environment. Research has identified aesthetics as one of the most important factors in neighborhood satisfaction. Moreover, naturalness (vegetation) is found to be a principal component of neighborhood attachment and a factor affecting use of space, sense of safety, adjustment, and informal social contact among neighbors. Research has also found openness, vistas with open views and the lack of spatial enclosure, to be a key factor associated with evaluative appraisals, such as neighborhood satisfaction. While many studies on residential satisfaction have focused on the overall residential satisfaction, some have focused on satisfaction with a particular residential realm, such as the housing itself the neighborhood or the community itself. In this article, satisfaction of the residents of a high density residential district, Narmak, an important part of the 8th district in Tehran, is selected as the case study. Narmak is a neighborhood that from its first steps of design and development has been designed to provide open spaces and public amenities. Whereas, the aim of the other districts of Tehran was dividing the land into segments to build residential units and install access roads. In this district, one and two-story private houses which used to be seen 10 years ago have been converted to four to five-story apartment buildings to accommodate the growing population. In other words, the land used by one family is now allocated to house four or five families. Meanwhile, no changes have been made in the open spaces of the district; leading to the residents’ dissatisfaction. This research aimed to find out the level of satisfaction among Narmak’s residents, the reasons for not using the squares, places designed as open spaces in Narmak, and the roots of the problems causing dissatisfaction with the open spaces. It helps to find solutions needed for such cases, both those which have been built before and are facing problems now, and the new projects which are in the design process.As the public open spaces in residential neighborhoods play a very important role, such a case study is needed to make the designed open space lively and useful for as long as the residents live there. The first step of the research methodology was undertaking an intensive search for the pertinent literature. A confined amount of primary research was then carried out. This paper made use of both secondary and primary data. The primary data was obtained from a sample of 50 households. The questionnaire was administered to each sampled household. Pre-survey was conducted to gain insight to the study area, test the household questionnaire and refine the research instruments. The secondary data was collected from a sample of 40 households. The questionnaires were scored, analyzed and interpreted. Findings from the observations, and information gathered were considered when the overall interpretations and conclusions were made. The results showed that the residents usually use the squares for taking a walk. They also defined the main roots of their neighborhood problems as shortage of parking space, high number of the residents and many buildings being reconstructed around Narmak. Neighborhood relations and overall neighborhood satisfaction were also found to be moderate. The results provided a manual for solving some of the problems the residents face. Some of them can be defined as below: The number of the stories clients are allowed to build should be the same as the number of parking spaces they are allowed to have; The recreation and sport facilities should be installed in all the squares in order to make them lively and useful for the residents, especially the youth; Local commercials help the open spaces become more and useful.