ارزيابي ميزان كيفيت محيطي پيرامون حرم حضرت معصومه (س)با استفاده از رويكرد مخاطب محور

Evaluating Environmental Quality around the Holy Shrine of Hazrat-e Masoumeh Using Exposure-based Approach

رشد سريع شهرها و توسعه كالبدي آن، ازدياد وسايل نقليه و توجه بيش از اندازه به آن موجبات بروز بحران هاي مختلف در زندگي شهري نظير مشكل هاي محيطي و نزول كيفيت محيط و از بين رفتن فضاهاي شهري را فراهم كرده است. در پي اين امر لزوم توجه به مفهوم كيفيت و ارتقا آن در فضاهاي شهري در كنار توجه به مسايل كمي، بيشتر احساس و در طي سال هاي اخير تحقيقات گسترده اي در اين زمينه صورت گرفته است. در ايران نيز به دنبال افزايش شهرنشيني و سرعت بالاي تغييرات در بافت هاي شهري به دلايل مختلف كيفيت محيط در فضاهاي شهري به شدت افول پيدا كرده است. هدف از اين پژوهش سنجش ميزان كيفيت محيط و نحوه رتب هبندي آن در محور منتهي به حرم حضرت معصومه(س) با استفاده از نظر و تمايل كاربران محيط (رويكرد مخاطب محور) است. كيفيت محيط با ايجاد مدل تجربي سنجش كيفيت (درخت ارزش) توسط روش كل به جز و بررسي معيارهاي ارايه شده در چهار سطح ارزيابي شده است. در اين پژوهش پس از مطالعه بر روي فضاي مورد نظر شاخص هايي در سه زمينه كالبدي، كاركردي و ادراكي جهت سنجش ميزان كيفيت محيط استخراج و در قالب پرسشنامه بين استفاد هكنندگان از محيط پيرامون حرم توزيع شده است. جهت تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از روش رگرسيون چند متغيره تحليل مسير استفاده شده است. نتايج نشان داد كه رويكرد مخاطب محور در محيط پيرامون حرم حضرت معصومه (س) الگوي مناسبي جهت سنجش كيفيت محيط است. تحليل هاي آماري نيز نشان م يدهد كه بين متغير وابسته(كيفيت محيط) با متغيرهاي مستقل (معيارها و جز معيارها) با اطمينان 99 درصد، رابطه معني داري وجود دارد. مولفه هاي امنيت، دسترسي، معابر و كاركردهاي اقتصادي بيشترين اثر و روشنايي و كاركردهاي تفريحي ك مترين اثر را بر كيفيت محيط از نظر كاربران محيط(مخاطبين) داشته اند. نكته نهايي اين كه ميزان كيفيت محيط در محدوده مورد مطالعه، در آستانه پايين (1 < 1.54 < 3 ) با ميانه نظري 2 برآورد شد.

Rapid growth of the cities and their physical development causes a variety of crises such as environmental problems and the drop in the quality of the environment in the urban life. To this end, the necessity of paying attention to the concept of quality, its promotion in the residential environments and attending the problems is more so felt. In recent years, extensive researches in this domain have been carried out. The relationship between the urban planning policies and the environmental quality has been a source of great controversy for a very long time. At one extreme, there exists the view that greater urban development and activity, inevitably, leads to environmental degradation and, ultimately, to possible ecological collapse and reduced environmental quality in the urban residential areas.As Johnson et al (1997) argue, environmental quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as that impinge on human beings and other organisms. In urban planning, filed environmental quality is a general term which can refer to various characteristics of the mankind and the natural phenomena. It is a measure of the condition of an environment relative to the requirements of one or more species and or any human need or purpose. Several recent studies have identified inverted-U relationships between residential satisfaction and the environmental quality. In Iran, due to the increase in city living and high speed of changes in the urban contexts, the quality of environment in urban areas has considerably declined. The urbanization trend in Iran during the last decades has been accelerated by high rate of rural-urban migration along with rapid socio-economic and political changes which has lead to unbalanced urban expansion. During the last 50 years, population of Iran has experienced a three-fold increase (from 19 to 75 million) while the population of the cities has undergone a six-fold growth (from 6 million to 43 million). The number of the cities with over one million in population has risen from 2 to 10 from 1966 to 2006. One of the important issues, when looking at this trend, is increasing urban environmental quality. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate quality of the environment, rank the methods using the Exposure-based Approach for promoting the environmental value in Qom city. The quality of the environment was evaluated by making an experimental model of the quality assessment (value tree) using the top-down method and yardstick investigation in 4 levels of the tree value. Data analysis has been also conducted using HMR.The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis show that Exposure-based Approach of quality assessment was the most suitable model in evaluating quality. Data analysis, (multi vibrant regression, road analysis, Pierson experiment and...), show with 99 percent certainty that there is a meaningful relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The analysis results express environmental quality, in view of the users of the Hazrat-e Masoumeh’s Shrine, was lower than the mid-level (1 < 2.73 < 5 with visionary mid 3).