نظريه سياست خارجي در دولت نبوي

The foreign policy of the Prophet’s state

گرچه درباره تقسيم عالم به دارالاسلام و دارالحرب مستند قرآني وجود ندارد، با اين همه به نظر مي‌رسد كه پذيرش اين تقسيم بندي، جهت دستيابي به الگويي براي تحليل نظريه سياست خارجي پيامبر بلامانع باشد. از مجموع نصوصي كه از پيامبر اسلام در باب روابط دولت اسلامي با مجموعه افراد، گروه‌ها و واحدهاي سياسي در دارالحرب به ما رسيده است، چنين برمي‌آيد كه پيامبر اسلام نگاهي بدبينانه به دارالحرب ندارد، فلسفه وجودي آن را بردگي و خدمت رساني به مسلمانان نمي‌داند، خون و مال و آبروي آنها را مباح نمي‌انگارد و با دغدغه‌اي كه براي نجات بشردارد، مي‌كوشد با ملاطفت، آنان را از دارالحرب خارج و با قراردادهاي هدنه و امان به دوستي و همزيستي با مسلمانان فراخواند. بنابراين، مي‌توان گفته‌ها و سيره مبارك آن حضرت را به دو بخش كلي دارالاسلام يا دولت اسلامي و دارالحرب يا دولت كفر و شرك سامان داد سپس به ترسيم روابط دولت اسلامي پرداخت.

There are no narrations or Qur’anic evidence for the division of the world into the World of Islam (Dar al-Islam) and the World of Enemies (Dar al-H?arb) and it seems that jurisprudents did so under the influence of Roman law which divided the people into Roman citizens and enemies. However, there is no reason why one should not accept this division as a basis for analyzing the Prophet’s foreign policy. The available collection of evidence, from the Prophet, about the relationships of the Islamic state with the individuals, groups, and political units of the World of Enemies show that the Prophet did not have a pessimistic view towards the World of Enemies, did not consider them as being obliged to serve the Muslims, did not regard the aggression against their blood, properties, and honor as legitimate. On the other hand, due to his concern for the salvation of man, he tried to tenderly send them out of Dar al-H?arb, to give refuge to them under mutual agreements, and to invite them to friendship and peaceful coexistence with the Muslims. Thus, his sayings and behaviors may be organized in relation with Dar al-Islam or Islamic state and Dar al-H?arb or the state of the pagans. After that the foreign policy of the Islamic state can be depicted.