حقوق شرعي فقرا

Legal Rrights of Poor

امامان شيعه چهره ي زشت فقر را به خوبي دريافته و به آثار زيان بار ديني و دنيوي اش پي برده اند. اهتمام آنان به ريشه كني فقر در جامعه ي اسلامي در آثار به جا مانده از ايشان مشهود است. با رويكرد حقوقي (نه تكليفي) به بعضي از احاديث، مي توان به توجه شرع به حقوق فقرا پي بُرد: حق غني شدن و حق مواخذه ي مسبّبان فقر. فقرا حق دارند زندگي متوسطي داشته باشند؛ و اغنيا و حاكمان در جامعه ي اسلامي وظيفه دارند در رفع فقر آنان بكوشند. تا فقر هست افرادي هستند كه به وظيفه ي خود عمل نكرده اند و فقرا مي توانند از شخصيت هاي حقيقي (مثل اقارب) و حقوقي اي (مثل حكومت) كه سبب پيدايش فقر شده اند حق خود را مطالبه كنند و در صورت امتناع، در دادگاهي مستقل (كه قاضي اش تحت تاثير قدرت و ثروت نيست) عليه آنان اقامه دعوي نمايند. در اين مقاله با نگاهي دوباره به ادله ي شرعي، براي دستيابي به نظر شريعت در مورد حقوق فقرا و حمايت از آنان تلاش شده است.

The Shiʹa Imams have properly detected the ugly feature of poverty and recognized its religious and worldly harms, and their resolution to uproot poverty is conspicuous in their teachings. A juridical (and not prescriptive) approach to some narrations could realize the concern of divine law over the rights of the poor, such as; their right to enrich, and their right to reprimand those responsible for their poverty. The poor have the right to enjoy an average living, and the rich and governors are due to lower their poverty. As long as there is poverty, there are people who have not accomplished their tasks, and the poor can claim their rights from natural persons (like relatives) or legal persons (like the government) who have caused their poverty, and to prosecute them in an independent court, the judge of which is not under the influence of power or wealth, in case of their refusal. Having a second examination of religious sources, this article tries to discover the religious point of view about the rights of the poor and supporting them.