اهميت يافته هاي لهجه شناسي در مطالعات تاريخي

Significance of Dialect Studies in Historical Linguistics

در اين مقاله ابتدا به تعريف و توصيف لهجه شناسي به عنوان رشته اي مستقل با اهداف و روش هاي خاص خود ميپردازيم. سپس به طور اجمالي زبانشناسي تاريخي ، اهداف كلي و روشهاي رايج در آن را توضيح مي دهيم. اين توضيحات به ما در شناخت خاستگاه لهجه شناسي كمك خواهد كرد. آنگاه تاريخچه توجه ايرانيان به گوناگوني هاي لهجه اي را مرور مي كنيم و سرانجام به دو نمونه عيني از كاربرد لهجه شناسي در زبانشناسي تاريخي اشاره مي نماييم. در اين گزارش بيشتر از منظر مطالعات تاريخي به كاربرد هاي لهجه شناسي توجه مي كنيم و سعي ما در اين است كه با به دستدادن شواهد و مثال هاي عيني از فارسي و لهجه هاي ايراني اهميت لهجه شناسي را در مطالعات تاريخي باز نماييم.

This article examines the relation of dialectology as a discipline in its own right with historical linguistics. There are however some brief remarks on the relation of the former with other branches of linguistic studies, like those of socio-linguistics, and typology. In order to trace the connection and interrelation of historical linguistics and dialectology and their probable influences on each other, efforts are made to provide the reader with some information on the origin of dialectology and its emergence as a separate discipline. In this context a comparison is made as to the aims and methods used in both disciplines. In almost all discussions, examples are cited from Persian and other Iranian languages. Some evidences are also given to illustrate the earliest interests of Iranians in different dialects. This takes us back to as early as 12th century. In the remaining part of the article two instances of the practical uses of dialectology in diachronic studies of Persian language are exemplified.