رابطه اخلاق و فناوري در معماري براي جامعه اسلامي

The Relationship between Ethics and Technology in Architecture for the Islamic Community

چكيده معماري عرصه‌اي براي بروز و ظهور زندگي فردي، اجتماعي و نمودهاي هنجاري همچون اخلاق است. همين موضوع موجب مي‌گردد تا عوامل تاثيرگذار در معماري با ويژگي‌هاي خاص در كالبد و معناي آن نمود پيدا كند. توجه به هنجارهاي اخلاقي وجودي انسان و جامعه، از نيازهاي اساسي شكل‌گيري محيط كار و زندگي انسان است. بنابراين رابطه بين معماري، اخلاق و هنجارهاي اجتماعي ارضا ‌كننده خواست و نياز انسان است تا از اين طريق در فضاي معماري به آرامش برسد. در طول تاريخ معماران تلاش نموده‌اند تا با شناخت اين نياز و خواست، معماري خود را متناسب و همسو با هنجارهاي اخلاقي خلق كنند؛ اما ورود فناوري‌هاي جديد در كنار بحران‌هاي هويتي و اصالتي، مولفه‌هاي اخلاقي تاثيرگذار در معماري را نيز تحت‌الشعاع قرار داده و چالش‌هاي جديدي را بين اخلاق، معماري و فناوري بوجود آورده است. مسيله پژوهش حاضر اين است: چه ارتباطي مي تواند بين اخلاق و فناوري در معماري وجود داشته باشد؟ هدف يافتن مفهوم اخلاق و هنجارهاي اجتماعي اخلاق در مرحله انتقال فناوري در بستر معماري امروز است؛ با عنايت به ماهيت نظري پژوهش، اين تحقيق از نوع بنيادي-نظري مي‌باشد كه به روش تحليلي-استنباطي پژوهش شده است و با استناد به تعاريف موجود در مورد اخلاق، فناوري معماري، تلاش گرديده ضمن بيان تعريفي از ارتباط آنها با همديگر، مولفه‌هاي مورد نظر اخلاق در معماري براي جامعه اسلامي ارايه شود. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد براي رسيدن به الگوي مناسب معماري معاصر در جامعه اسلامي مي‌بايست ضوابطي را براي استفاده از فناوري معماري در نظر گرفت كه مهمترين آن ضوابط، در نظر داشتن مولفه‌هاي اخلاقي در جهت استفاده از فناوري در معماري است. مولفه‌هاي اخلاق در معماري شامل معماري با نيت قرب الهي، توجه به ساخت فضاي بي آلايش نيايشي، توجه به حس جمعي و مشاركت، خلق سادگي و زيبايي توامان و تقويت دانش فكري است. واژه‏هاي كليدي: اخلاق معماري، فناوري معماري، معماري اسلامي، جامعه اسلامي.

Abstract Morality is one of the valuable things which has been considered in Islamic society. All thinkers of morality notional scope have tried to invite people to a good life by preparing them with cases such as contentment, forgiveness, true worshiping, pure life and earning kosher money. Islamic morality is a set of all headings correlated to morality specially morality science which is related to Islamic world and culture. Morality has a good adjacent with values and is divided into adaptive morality. Notional morality and practical morality and these items can be the origin of issuance of bad or good actions. Islam always recommends Islamic society to learn and rely on new science and technologies albeit in foreign and non-Islamic countries, and takes this as a honorable and devotional act, so there is no difference between Islamic root and science and technological development, but beside recommending knowledge avocation, Islam stresses on this point that the purpose of science and technology should be in direction of serving Islam root, this issue causes technology to be consistent in a contriving way with, cultural elements such as beliefs and thoughts, social values, social norms and provisions, symbols and ideologies, so that the performance of this technology be a desirable one. Architecture is an era for out breaking individual, social life and normative aspects like morality. This issue causes affective factors in architecture with special features grow in its framework and meaning. Considering moral norms of society and the human is one of basic requirements in shaping human s work place and life. So the relation between architecture morality and social norms is satisfying the needs of the human, so that he can find comfort in the architecture space. During history architects have tried to match their architecture with moral norms with understanding these needs, but the arrival of new technological alongside identification issues and originality crisis, has affected on moral components in architecture and has created new challenges between morality architecture and technology. The problem of the present paper is that: what is the relation between morality and technology in architecture? And our purpose is finding moral concept and social norms of morality in technology transferring process in terms of today technology; when technology and architecture be synchronized, the effect of this problem that is technological architecture, would be inappreciable with regarding moral and normative criteria, but if technology wonʹt be synchronized with architecture then they would be against each other and it will transform to “architecture technology“ phenomenon in which technology will become all forms of architecture and then necessary condition for shaping architecture would be technology. So architecture is always affected by technology, whether to promote architecture of spatial and semantic features to weaken them and to show the dominance of technology on architecture and the human. The purpose of this paper is not the deny technology acquisition from non-Islamic societies because technology is important in any society and if this technology would not be with awareness, this technology can destroy the remained morality. Technology makes a society develop in different dimensions and morality which is intrinsic should grasp as important concept in this time and this development matches morality development but with converse face which in a short time it will be with disappearing morality. Technology and development especially constant and development is a complex process. The technology procedure type is related to collaboration and public trust of all people of a society regarding to moral balance and other social norms of that society. If people want to use and develop technology without destroying morality and its concepts in today society, they should bring human values such as trust, humanitarianism and love in their lives and works. The results of the research shows that for reaching a proper pattern of current architecture in an Islamic society, some criteria for using architectural technology should be considered which the most important of them is to consider morality component I terms of using technology in architecture. Morality components in architecture include: - Continuous afford to promote moral and noumenon dimension in architecture and inside an architect. - Self–knowing and the other knowing in response to peopleʹs needs. - Continuous afford in self –construction and adjustment of job affairs. Continuous afford for effective presence of Islamic religion and morality in all dimension of works and jobs. - Re-knowing, preservation and adjustment of norm manners and society in light of Islamic standard. - Re-knowing Islamic culture and civilization and growing it to create architectural space regarding to current and future needs of society. - Afford to promote common human Islamic -Iranian dimensions which identity category would be grown by it. Observance these elements by architect alongside harmonizing technology with these elements, would create a result proportional to social morality, culture and norms.so it can be said that architecture is as a result of Islamic moral elements and updated with modern technology. Keywords: Architectural Ethics, Architectural technology, Islamic architecture, Islamic society.