چكيده لاتين :
Introduction:
Responsible tourism emphasizes the conservation of natural resources and human tourism. It is trends and new forms of tourism that has found a special place the past decade in tourism activities. Geotourism and geomorphotourism is the new branch of responsible tourism that is based use of geological and geomorphological attractions. In addition attracts, the geotourism consider cultural, economic and ecological values. The goal of this branch is conservation Heritage and also improves and upgrades the lives of local communities and preserving cultural and ecological values. Iran has variety geological processes and so there are a series of geomorphosites. Takht-e soleyman region is one of the attractive geotourism areas that are located in Takab city and in southeast Azarbayejan province. Surveying of this region has importance because, in spite of having geologic and geomorphologic phenomena, this region involves many historical and cultural values. Therefore, this region is declared one of the cultural and historical heritages in Iran. In order to identifying and recording global heritage, Ionesco has determined several criteria such as rare features, beauty natural areas with excellent perspective, cultural and ecological values and role of native society in geotourism and Takht-e soleyman region has approximately suitable condition in order to introduction in global levels. This paper try to assess geomorphosites of Takht-e-soleyman region for geotourism planning that it can prepare appreciate condition for sustainable tourism.
Materials and methods:
In recent years, in order to assess geotourism capabilities of geomorphosites, different methods is presented that these menthods has focused mainly conservation value and improve scientific and tourism values. One of the methods for assessing of geotourism is the method that Fassoulas et al has used in geotourism regoins in Greec country. The proposed methodology is based on a series of criteria that cover not only the geological and geographical importance of a geomorphosite but also its scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic and economic significance. This method involves six major values. These major values involve minor values. These major values with their minor values are: Scientific value (geologic history, representativeness, geodiversity, rarity, Integrity), ecological value (ecological impact, protection status), cultural value (ethics, History, religious, art and culture), aesthetic value (viewpoints, landscape difference), economic value (visitors, attraction, official protection), Potential for use value (Intensity of use, Impacts, fragility, accessibility, acceptable changes). Each main group comprises a number of sub-criteria, and a common scoring system (ranging from 1 to 10) is applied to each group. In order to assessing of geotourism, before surveying in the region, finally, nine geomorphosites is determined for assessing that involve Takht-e-soleyman monument, Takht-e-soleyman prison, Belgheys mountain, stone dinosaur, Berdineh castle, Berenjeh prison, animated grass, Ogool Beig glacier, Nabi Kendi prison.
Discussion:
Before determining gomorphosites of the region, these geomorphosites is assessed by using surveying studies and ideas of experts. Cultural, economic, tourism, geomorphological and geological expert have weighted geomorphosites according to the values. Some data of geomorphosites also recognized by using librarian studies. The results shows that three geomorphosites, Takht-e-soleyman monument, Takht-e-soleyman prison, Belgheys mountain have high score in scientific, conservational and tourism values and are determined as excellent geomorphosites in Takht-e-soleyman region in order to tourism development. These geomorphosites have more suitable condition in scientific value than other values. Takht-e-soleyman monument, Takht-e-soleyman prison could be rare and unique in regional level and even national level. In scientific values, Berdineh castle and Berenjeh prison have the lowest score. In conservational values section, Takht-soleiman monument, Takht-e-soleyman prison, Belgheys Mountain and Ogool Beig glacier is determined as the best geomorphosites and this high value is due low vulnerability and also official protection. In tourism values section, Takht-e-soleyman monument, Takht-e-soleyman prison, Belgheys Mountain involves the highest score and suitability. Main property of these geomorphosites is many viewpoints, suitable perspective, great domain, geomorphologic variety and geodiversity and also Surrounding landscape and nature. These geomorphosites have suitable Accessibility and are located in vicinity of regional roads. These geomorphosites also annual receive many tourists and are famous in national levels. But, it is essential that relation of these geomorphosites with rural, cultural, religious and historical elements have very effect on their high values.
Conclusion:
Geotourism planning is realizing tourism uses and conditions amd potentials for each geomorphosites. In order to geotourism sustainable development, it is essential that three value, scientific, conservational and tourism values assess together and should be relation among three values, but if scientific and conservational values of each geomorphosite is not suitable, it is not should directly presented for tourists. These geomorphosites should raise their scientific and conservational values. The results shows that in this region, only scientific and conservational values can present and use for tourism, but other geomorphosites should improve scientific, conservational and tourism values.
