روند توسعه شهر خرم‌آباد از عصر صفوي تا عصر پهلوي بر اساس تحليل‌هاي GIS

Urban Development Process of Khorram-Abad During the Safavid to Pahlavi Era,Based on GIS Analysis

تاریخ شكل‌گیری شهر امروزی خرم‌آباد، مركز استان لرستان، به اواسط دوران اسلامی (احتمالاًًً قرون 5 تا 7 هـ.ق) باز می‌گردد. پیش از آن، شهری به‌نام شاپورخواست كه از شهرهای مهم دوره ساسانی و اوایل دوران اسلامی بوده، در جای آن قرار داشته است. شهر شاپورخواست در قرون 7 یا 8 هـ.ق از رونق افتاده و شهر خرم‌آباد در جای آن شكل گرفته و مركزیت خود را آغاز نموده است. قدیمی‌ترین نقشه‌ موجود از بافت تاریخی این شهر، مربوط به سال 1270 هـ.ق است كه به‌وسیله نقشه‌برداران روسی تهیه شده است. با توجه به این نقشه و عكس‌های هوایی سال‌های 1334 و 1347 هـ.ش، مطالعه محدوده اولیه و روند توسعه شهر خرم‌آباد از دوره صفوی تا دوره پهلوی با استفاده از اطلاعات به‌دست آمده از نرم‌افزار GIS و تحلیل آن، از مهم‌ترین اهداف این پژوهش است. هسته اولیه شكل‌گیری شهر و محدوده اولیه آن در دوره صفوی، بر اساس مدارك باستان‌شناختی تعیین شده‌اند. محدوده شهر در دوره قاجار و پهلوی نیز براساس نقشه سال 1270 هـ.ق و عكس‌های هوایی سال‌های 1334 و 1347 هـ.ش مشخص گردیده است. این‌كه اوج رونق و توسعه شهری مربوط به چه دوره‌ای بوده و چه عواملی منجر به توسعه فیزیكی آن در جوانب مختلف گردیده، از دیگر اهداف این پژوهش است. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس مطالعه منابع مكتوب و فعالیت‌های میدانی در بافت كهن شهر و بررسی نقشه‌های مرتبط با توسعه شهری صورت گرفته است. بر این اساس، اوج توسعه و رونق خرم‌آباد، در دوره‌ صفوی و به‌ویژه دوره پهلوی بوده است. واقع شدن این شهر بر سر راه خوزستان در مسیر ارتباطی شمال به جنوب و هم‌چنین انتخاب آن به‌عنوان مركز استان در دوره پهلوی، از مهم‌ترین عوامل توسعه آن شهر بوده است. وجود ارتفاعات زاگرس در جوانب شرقی و غربی شهر به‌عنوان عامل محدود كننده و هم‌چنین اراضی مسطح و مساعد جنوب شهر، منجر به توسعه فیزیكی در جهات شمالی و جنوبی شده است.

The formation of the modern city of Khorram-Abad, as a center of Luristan province in the western Iran, dates back to the middle Islamic period (probably 5-7 A.H). The formation and development process of the city has affected by the appropriate environmental and ecological conditions. Khorram-Abad has suitable conditions for human population from the prehistoric period through modern time. The major factors shaping the settlement and development of the region are suitable transport location as well as natural and geographical factors such as water resources, especially rivers crossing the city such as Karganeh and Khorram-Abad rivers. Before the modern formation of the Khorram Abad was a town, named Shapur-Khast backed to Sassanid the Early Islamic periods. It seems that Shapur-khast has been abandoned at the 7 or 8 A.H and Khorram-Abad flourished as the central town of the region. What we certainly know is that the core of the modern city of Khorram-Abad has been founded at the western side of Falak-ol-Aflak castle. The earliest maps of the historic plan of the town, about the 1270 A.H, are produced by Russian surveyors. The present article is dealing with this map and aerial photos at the 1956 and 1969, the initial scope of the study and development of Khorram-Abad from the Safavid to the Pahlavi periods using data from GIS software and analysis. The most important studies in this area have been carried out by local researchers. Of course some researchers have done to Khorram-Abad valley field study by foreigners such as Sir Hennery Rawlinson. As there are not much researches on the Islamic city of Khorram-Abad and urban development from inception to nowadays we will try to use archaeological evidence, images with texture maps and city information from GIS aiming to provide suitable information about the context of the current city of Khorram-Abad. Based on archaeological evidence, the center of modern city of Khorram-Abad and the initial core of the city in the Safavid period were determined. Valuable monuments and inscriptions of the Safavid period has been remained in Khorram-Abad which on based the initial core of the city in the Safavid period was determined. The city boundaries in the Qajar and Pahlavi era have been identified according to 1270 A.H map and aerial photographs of 1956 and 1969. It was the culmination of a period of prosperity and urban development and what factors have led to physical development in various aspects of the other objectives of this research. The present study is based on written sources and field work in the context of the old town and the exploration of the related maps, urban development has taken place. Accordingly, the summit of the development of Khorram-Abad has been the Safavid and Pahlavi periods lying at the middle of north to south transportation routes and its selection as the center of Luristan province at the Pahlavi period as well, are the most important factors in the development of the city; particularly in north and south directions. The existence of the Zagros mountain in the east and west sides of the city as a limiting factor and also the flat land and fertile southern city is leading to physical development at the north and south directions. The result of this research shows that the reason of existence of Khorram-Abad and its foremost function and its extension are the geographic and climatic conditions and central location and its relationship to the city is because this region is a crossroads from West to East and North to South