خشم صفت- حالت و شيوه‌هاي كنترل خشم و گرايش افراد به نزاع دسته جمعي

Anger as a Train and State, Anger Management Methods, and Peopleʹʹs Tendency towards Collective Aggression

هدف: پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسي رابطه بين خشم صفت- حالت و شيوه‌هاي كنترل خشم و گرايش افراد به نزاع دسته جمعي در استان كهگيلويه و بوير احمد انجام شده است. روش: روش پژوهش غير آزمايشي از نوع همبستگي بوده است. براي رسيدن به هدف فوق، از جامعه آماري تحقيق كه عبارت است از كليه شهروندان 40-15 ساله استان كهگيلويه و بويراحمد، 400 نفر با روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي طبقه‌اي انتخاب شدند. داده‌هاي جمع‌آوري شده با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌هاي گرايش به نزاع دسته‌جمعي، سياهه بروز خشم صفت- حالت اسپيلبرگر و طرح‌واره‌هاي شناختي پرخاشگرانه، با آزمون‌هاي ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و رگرسيون گام به گام مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفتند. يافته ها: نتايج نشان داد بين متغيرهاي خشم صفت- حالت و گرايش به نزاع دسته جمعي ارتباط مثبت و معناداري وجود دارد. در حالي كه بين شيوه‌هاي كنترل خشم و گرايش به نزاع دسته جمعي ارتباط منفي و معناداري وجود داشت. نتايج رگرسيون گام به گام نشان داد متغير خشم حالت، كنترل خشم دروني و خشم صفت به ترتيب بهترين پيش‌بيني ‌كننده‌هاي گرايش به نزاع دسته جمعي بودند. نتيجه گيري: خشم حالت و شيوه‌هاي كنترل دروني يا بيروني خشم مي‌توانند گرايش افراد به نزاع دسته جمعي را پيش‌بيني كنند.

Introduction Ethnic disputes and collective aggressions are observable in each period of history and are more evident in traditional and nomadic communities. This issue has had many life and property damages in the past and present times and it has also prevented social development to flourish. Based on the damages of collective aggression, the researchers attempt to study the fundamental causes of this problem. It is assumed that state-trait anger and anger control methods are effective variables on peopleʹs tendency toward collective aggression. Therefore, determining the effective factors on collective aggression is of great importance from social, family and individual aspects. The theoretical framework of the present study is the combination of psychological and social- psychological theories regarding collective aggression. According the theories regarding collective aggression and relevant researches, collective aggression stems from different factors and reasons as a multi-dimensional social phenomenon. In a general classification, these factors are divided into individual and social factors. Based on various researches regarding social reasons of tendency to collective aggression, only the individual and psychological causes have been investigated. Indeed, this study evaluated state-trait anger and anger control method variables as individual and psychological factors related to tendency to collective aggression. Materials & Methods The study method is non-experimental and it is a survey in terms of type and cross section in terms of time. The study population is all citizens of the Kohgiluye and Buyerahmad province whose age is between 14 and 50 years old. Based on the latest census, they include 325204 individuals. The sample size is 400 based on Cochran’s formula. The sampling method is stratified random. Two questionnaires were used to measure the variables: a) Tendency to collective aggression survey is designed by Mirfardi et al. (2010) with 13 items evaluating behavioral and cognitive aspects, b) Spielbergerʹs. State-Trait Anger Expression, which is composed of 57 questions- 6 scales and 5 subscales and divided into 3 sections: state anger, trait anger and anger control methods. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The present study aimed to evaluate the role of state-trait anger and anger control methods in people tendency to collective aggression. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between state anger, tendency to collective aggression and trait anger variables with tendency to collective aggression. The relationship between subscales of state anger, trait anger with tendency to collective aggression and cognitive tendency subscales to aggression and behavioral tendency to aggression showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between anger feeling subscales, verbal and physical expression of anger, angry mood and angry reaction with the variable of tendency to collective aggression and its subscales, cognitive tendency to aggression and behavioral tendency to aggression. Indeed, the results of the hypotheses showed that the people with high trait and state anger (feeling angry), show more angry moods, tendency to physical and verbal expression of anger and angry reactions. So they have a high tendency to collective aggression; cognitive and behavioral. Uncontrolled anger not only jeopardizes adaptability and health of the people, but also various examples of interpersonal and social issues including collective aggression are affected by this emotion and violence and aggressiveness are the most predictable outcomes in this regard. Therefore, violence and aggressiveness are effective components on collective aggression. On the other hand, violence in retaliation leads to group or family conflicts. In addition, the results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between anger-out control with tendency to collective aggression. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between anger-in control and tendency to collective aggression. Indeed, the more people control anger–in and anger-out, the less the tendency to collective aggression. Also, the results showed that 3 variables of state anger, anger–in control and trait anger, are the best predictors of tendency to collective aggression, respectively. In addition, the results of path analysis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between state anger, trait anger and anger-in control and independent variables and tendency to collective aggression and dependent variable. The relationship between anger-out control and none of the dependent variables was significant so it was excluded from the model. Therefore, based on the results of the study, state-trait anger variable and anger control and personality specifications can be turning points of many collective aggressions in the Kohgiluye and Buyerahmad province. Therefore, it is recommended to the authorities that states anger factors should controlled and reduced. It is also recommended to train good anger control methods which help people who are under critical condition. By improving these psychological variables among people and families we can be hopeful to reduce tendency of people towards collective aggression.