بازشناسي پديده قنات از دريچه سازمان‌ها نمونه موردي: روستاي بيابانك

Recognition of Ghanat phenomenon based on organization

با هدف به جريان افتادن حيات در دل كوير كه بخش اعظمي از خاك ايران را در برگرفته است، نياز مبرم به آب از گذشته تا به حال احساس مي‌شده است. آبي كه همچون خون در طول سال‌ها به جان جوامع شهري-روستايي تزريق شده و در گذر زمان به شكوفايي همه جانبه اين جوامع كمك شاياني كرده است. پيدايش پديده‌اي همچون قنات به‌عنوان يك سازمان طبيعي در اين راه بسيار حايز اهميت مي‌باشد. اين پديده علاوه بر آب‌رساني به‌صورت مستقيم، به‌صورت غير مستقيم بر ساختار فرهنگي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي، سياسي، معماري و شهرسازي جوامع نيز تاثير گذاشته است، تاثيراتي بنيادين در جوامع شهري- روستايي كه منجر به بروز بازخوردهايي در سطح خُرد جهان و كلان جهان شده است. در اين تحقيق از طريق تعريف سازمان‌ و سازمان طبيعي به بازخواني مجدد سيستم قنات پرداخته مي‌شود. هدف اصلي پژوهش پيش روي، نگاه به پديده قنات از منظري جديد و تعميم آن در قالب يك سازمان(طبيعي) مدون و منسجم است. به اين معنا كه مشخص گردد نحوه عملكرد و ارتباط ميان قنات و محيط اطراف، رابطه‌اي هوشمند، هماهنگ با طبيعت و در راستاي پايدارسازي محيط است. بررسي‌هاي اوليه از طريق مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي و ميداني آغاز مي‌شود. سپس با اشاره‌اي كوتاه به روستاي بيابانك واقع در استان سمنان به‌عنوان نمونه موردي، در رابطه با تاثيرات روابط برون سازماني قنات بحث مي‌شود. اميد است با حمايت مسيولان ذيربط، نتايج حاصله به ارايه سيستم آبياري نويني بيانجامد كه همساز با محيط پيرامون(بوم) بوده و با وجود خود تنظيم‌كننده بودن، تعادل طبيعت را بر هم نمي‌زند. در اين مسير روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي و كمي-كيفي براي انجام اين پژوهش انتخاب شده‌اند.

A large part of Iran includes the hot climate and dry desert areas. Access to water has always been a concern of the residents for drinking and agricultural purposes in this area. Discovering Ghanat (aqueduct) as a natural organism by Iranians is an effective factor to reduce the critical need for water. Ghanat, in addition to provide water directly or indirectly, affects the social, cultural, economic, political and architectural structures. The universe is composed of numerous phenomena in the process of systematic and purposeful collection with different capabilities. This phenomenon is social, economic, environmental relations and cultural transactions that are generated due to the geography of each region. The world is made of massive regularity and irregularity in the form of organization to provide sustained foundation systems over time. The overall system of life is such a system which needs interior-organizational relationship between its components for survival. In this regard, an adequate supply of water is necessary to create and maintain different civilizations in different geographical areas. In this pathway, Ghanat, assuming the responsibility for water supply aqueduct, became as an inseparable part of the overall life system in the desert regions. . Hence, Ghanat phenomenon as a guarantee of the survival of large-scale social systems has formed an organization and created the opportunity to develop and sustain communities in many parts of the world. This phenomenon has created a coordinated and efficient set for watering. Organizational and inter-organizational relations of the phenomenon balance the life system. This has led to develop sustainable habitable environments. The main goal of Ghanat is extracting water from the lower layers of the Earth. But over time, it became clear that the creation of Ghanat set up unexpected impact on urban-rural communities. These influences within the community have had a large share in shaping its structure. Over time with increasing population and decreasing water resources, communities needed drilling deep well to seek sufficient water. As a result, we have witnessed a proliferation of increasingly wells in the hot and dry areas, leading to loss of water and finally drying large number of Ghanats. This is because of the lack of sufficient awareness of the consequences of natural organizations and their role in the main urban - rural structural stability. This misunderstanding has led to the incorrect view to Ghanat, and has led to the momentary needs to this phenomenon and lack of attention to the future has made the efficiency of Ghanat to be diminished. In this study, organization and natural organization are defined. Then, it is discussed and investigated whether Ghanat can be considered as an organization? Finally, the effects of Ghanat phenomenon are discussed as one of the enduring values in Iranian architecture on urban-rural communities based on organizations theory. Initial studies begin from library and field information. Then, the Biabanak village located in Semnan, as an example, is discussed in relation to Ghanat influences based on natural organization