بررسي تطبيقي قواميت مرد بر زن در تفاسير المنار و الميزان

A Comparative Study of Men`s Qawwamiyyat, over Women in Commentaries of Almonar and Almizan

زن و مرد از نظر تكويني داراي وجوه تشابه و تمايزند، زنان از نظر احساسات و مردان از نظر تعقل و توان جسمي قوي هستند. احكام متفاوت اجتماعي زن و مرد در اسلام، ريشه در اين تفاوت دارد. سيد محمدحسين طباطبايي و محمد رشيدرضا در تفاسير خود، راز تفاوت اين احكام را در تفاوت مسيوليت‌هاي هر يك در اجتماع مي‌دانند. اختلاف نظر دو مفسر در اين است كه رشيدرضا دايره قيوميت در آيه «الرِّجالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَي النِّسا ِ» را شامل تمام اوامر و نواهي شوهر مي‌داند و طباطبايي آن را در حيطه خانواده و مسايل كلان جامعه مي‌نگرد، در عين حال كه در محيط خانواده، قايل به انحصار آن در استمتاع و حفظ عفت و اموال شوهر است؛ به نظر مي‌رسد از سويي با توجه به عدم ولايت مطلق مرد بر زن، اوامر و نواهي شوهر را مشمول دايره قيوميت دانستن و از سوي ديگر با عنايت به صدر و ذيل و قراين داخلي و خارجي آيه، فراتر دانستن قيوميت از امور خانوادگي، محل تامل است.

Man and woman naturally differ in some respects and are identical in some others, the former being strong with regard to reasoning power and bodily abilities and the latter to feelings. Different social rules of the two in Islam lie in this consideration. Seyyed Mohammadhosein Tabatabaei and Mohammad Rashidreza have known the why of such difference of social rules in their different social responsibility. The latter has taken the limit of qawwamiyyat to such an extent that includes all husband`s orders and prohibitions while the latter has limited it to his rules on the house and important social affairs and, at the same time, his order and prohibition at house is restricted to sexual enjoyment and keeping legal limits in it as well as keeping her husband`s property. Regarding lack of man`s absolute qawwamiyyat over woman, his orders and prohibitions, one may not believe in such an extent for man`s qawwamyyat to include his orders and prohibitions toward woman. Furthermore, considering the context in which the verse is place, one hardly can know the limit of husband`s qawwamiyyat to go beyond her duties at home.