نگاهي به هنر نازك‌كاري چوب در سنندج از دوره قاجار تا امروز

Analysis of Wood Delicacy of Touch Art and its Artists in Sanadaj from the Qajar Period until now

نازك‌كاري از جمله هنرهايي است كه وسايل كاربردي و هنري از چوب‌هاي خوش نقش و رنگ با ظرافت و دقت بالا ساخته مي‌شود. شواهد و مدارك نشان مي‌دهد كه از دوره صفوي هنر اُرسي‌سازي و به تبع آن هنر نازك‌كاري در شهر سنندج گسترش يافته است. فعاليت اُرسي‌سازي اكنون به دلايل متعدد، از جمله كمبود استادكار و هزينه‌هاي بالا، رونق ندارد، امّا هنر نازك‌كاري هنوز پر‌رونق است. هر چند كه آثار نازك‌كاري دوره صفوي در سنندج تاكنون يافت نشده، ولي آثار هنر نازك‌كاري مربوط به دوره قاجار باقيمانده است. بررسي‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه اوج و رونق هنر نازك‌كاري سنندج از اواسط دوره قاجار به بعد بوده است. به نظر‌ مي‌رسد كه هنرمندان عرصه نازك‌كاري سنندجي بر اساس اسلوب و روش‌ هنرهاي چوبي ساير نقاط ايران كار را آغاز نموده، ولي به‌تدريج با توجه به شرايط اقليمي، گذشت زمان و تقاضا شيوه‌اي خاص را پديد آورده‌اند؛ زمينه‌ي مناسب براي رشد و توسعه از يك سو و تلاش هنرمندان از سوي ديگر هم موجب پايداري و گسترش اين هنر گرديده است. اين مقاله درباره پيشينه هنرهاي چوبي، روش تهيه چوب و استخراج ريشه‌ي گردو، هنر نازك‌كاري، ابزارهاي نازك‌كاري، مراحل رنگ‌كاري با لاك و الكل و هنرمندان نازك‌كار است.

Nazok Kari, One of the Woodwork art, is of arts that functional and artistic instruments has made from well paint woods by Eleganceand precision.The evidences and documents indicated that OrosiSazi (sash making art) and, Consequently, the Nazok Kariwas expanded in Sanandaj city from Safavidperiod. Due to reasons such as lack of professional Craftsmen and high cost, thesash making art (OrsiSazi) activities don’t have thrivednow; But the Nazok Kari is still flourishing. While Nazok Kari works of Safavid period is not found in Sanandaj yet, but those of Qajar Period is remained The questions related on this subject can be asked in this way. The first that arises is the peak of Nazokkari art was during the Qajar? The investigations show that the peak of flourishing of it was at the middle of Qajar period and on wards. The second question, how much the Sanandaj artists were able to reach to a unique style in the field of Nazok Kari art? It seems that the artist in the field of Nazokkari in Sanandaj started their work according to their style and way of wooden art throughout whole Iran, but given to climate, time passing and demands, gradually the special way was found. The aim of this research is to analysis the wooden art and the sort of artist work in this field from Qajar time until now. The resources of this research are based on the field activities and library studies. Therefore, the research method is explanative-analytical. It seems that the suitable ground for growth and development on the one hand and artist’s attempts on the other hand, is caused stability and improvement on this art. This paper is about the history of wooden arts, the methods of wood supply and extraction of walnut roots, Nazokkari art, the tools of Nazok Kariart, different steps of coloring with polish and alcoholand NazokKar’sartists.