بررسي اثر آللوپاتي عصاره آبي تلخه بيان (Sophora alopecuriodes. L) و پيچك صحرايي (Convolvulus arvensis L.) بر رشد گياهان زراعي مختلف

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of pagoda tree (Sophora alopecuriodes.L) and creeping jenny (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on five crop plants at seedling growth stage

اثرات آللوپاتيك عصاره آبي پيچك صحرايي و تلخه بيان روي پنج گياه زراعي شامل گندم (Triticum aestivum)، جو (Hordeum vuIgare)، ذرت (Zea mays)، ارزن (Pennisetum americanum) و نخود (Cicer arietinum) در دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان، ايران، مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. آزمايشات در گلخانه به صورت طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي و در آزمايشگاه طرح كاملاً تصادفي با 3 تكرار در غلظت هاي مختلف عصاره آبي علف هرز شامل (0، 25، 50، 75 و100 درصد محلول پايه 10%W/V) در مرحله جوانه زني و رشد گياهچه هر پنج گياه زراعي اعمال و صفات مختلفي اندازه گيري شد. نتايج نشان داد كه اثر متقابل علف هرز×غلظت×رقم بر صفات اندازه گيري شده در هر دو شرايط گلخانه و آزمايشگاه معني دار بود. بيشترين پتانسيل بازدارنده گي مربوط به علف هرز پيچك صحرايي بود اما با اين حال تلخه بيان نيز داري پتانسيل بازدارنده گي قابل ملاحظه بود. به طور كلي با افزايش غلظت عصاره آبي، اثر بازدارنده گي نيز افزايش يافت. به طوري كه غلظت 100 درصد بيشترين و غلظت شاهد كمترين اثر را روي تمام صفات مورد مطالعه هر پنج گياه زراعي نشان دادند. به طور كلي نتايج نشان مي دهد كه بقاياي پيچك صحرايي و تلخه بيان موجود در مزرعه داراي پتانسيل آللوپاتيك روي گياهان زراعي مي باشد بنابراين بايد قبل از كاشت از مزرعه حذف شوند.

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of pagoda tree and creeping jenny on five crop plants including wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vuIgare), corn (Zea mays), millet (Pennisetum americanum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were investigated in a series of experiments conducted at the faculty of Agriculture, SB University of Kerman, Iran. Experiments were based on RCBD with 3 replications in greenhouse condition and CRD in laboratory condition in which different concentrations of weed leaves extract including (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of a stock solution (10%W/V)) were applied on all crop plants at germination and seedling growth stages and different responses were measured. Results showed that the three way interaction effect of alkaloid × concentration × hybrid was significant on the traits in both greenhouse and laboratory. By increasing the concentration of alkaloid, inhibitory effect was also increased. The 100% concentration was most effect and control concentration was least effective. There was a significant difference between the two weeds in terms of allelopathic effects and creeping jenny reduced plants growth more compared to pagoda tree. However, all crops were significantly affected by allelopathic properties. It was concluded that pagoda tree and creeping jenny residues in the field had the potential of allelopathic effects on crop plants therefore should be removed from the field before planting.