بررسي و مقايسه ابعاد مختلف توانايي زباني

The Study of Different Aspects of Language Ability in 5-8-year-old Autistic children Compared to their Normal Peers

اتيسم اختلالي عصب شناختي است كه شامل ناتواني هاي ارتباطي- اجتماعي و اختلالات رفتاري است. در اين بيماري توانايي زباني، معيوب و يا به‌طور كلي غايب است. اين بيماري اختلالي طيفي است بدين معني كه به ‌طرق مختلف بروز مي يابد. اتيسم نشانه هاي مختلفي دارد. هدف اين پژوهش، بررسي و مقايسه ابعاد مختلف توانايي زباني در كودكان 5 تا 8 ساله مبتلا به اتيسم و كودكان طبيعي مي‌باشد. به همين منظور، از طريق نمونه گيري در دسترس، 26 كودك مبتلا به اتيسم و26 كودك طبيعي 5 تا 8 ساله كه از لحاظ سن و جنس با يكديگر هماهنگ بودند، در شهر شيراز انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، آزمون رشد زبان TOLD-P:3 است. اين آزمون شامل 6 خرده-آزمون اصلي است كه تركيب آنها، ابعاد مختلف توانايي زباني را نشان مي دهد. براي تحليل داده ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون فريدمن و ويلكاگسون استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد كه در هر دو گروه، معناشناسي قوي ترين و زبان بياني ضعيف ترين بُعد است اما بين نمرات دو گروه تفاوت معني دار وجود دارد بدين معني كه كودكان مبتلا به اتيسم در تمامي ابعاد ضعيف تر بودند. بنابراين مي توان گفت ترتيب رشد ابعاد مختلف توانايي زباني در كودكان مبتلا به اتيسم همانند كودكان طبيعي است اما رشد كودكان اتيستيك با تاخير همراه است. واژه‌هاي كليدي: اتيسم، زبان، اختلالات زباني

The Study of Different Aspects of Language Ability in 5-8-year-old Autistic children Compared to their Normal Peers Maryam Mehdizade Mohammadhadi Falahi Maryam Vahab Received: 2011/11/26 Accepted: 2012/09/08 Abstract Autism is a neurological disorder which includes social – communica-tive and behavioral impairments. In this disorder, language abilities are impaired or completely absent. Autism is a spectrum disorder which means it shows itself in different ways. The purpose of this research is to study different aspects of language ability in five to eight (5-8) year-old Autistic children and compare them with their normal peers. For this purpose, using an available sampling, twenty six(26) children with autism and twenty six (26) normal peers between the ages of five to eight (5-8) were selected in Shiraz. Both groups were matched based on their age and sex. The research tool is the Test of Language Development (TOLD-P:3). This test includes six (6) major subtests that together show different aspects of language ability. In order to analyze the data, Wilcoxon, and Friedman Tests were used. The results have shown that the strongest aspect of language in both groups is semantics and the weakest one is the expressive language but the difference between the groups is significant. It means that children with autism are weak in all of the aspects. Thus, it can be said that in the autism group, the development order of different aspects of language ability is the same as their normal peers, but development is delayed in autistic children. Keywords: children with Autism, language, language disorder ?