ابعاد چيستي شناسي و هستي شناسي شهر اسلامي از منظر متون اسلامي

Quiddity and Ontology Dimensions of Islamic City from the Perspective of Islamic Texts

شهر اسلامي، از نظر ماهيت و ساختار فضايي خاصي كه دارد، از اوايل قرن بيستم، مورد توجّه محققان قرار گرفت و در بين شهرسازان و شهرشناسان مقوله?اي جدا را به خود اختصاص داد. تاكنون تحقيقات گسترده?اي از طرف انديشمندان مسلمان و غير مسلمان، درباره شهر اسلامي انجام شده و براي آن، ضوابط و معيارهايي بر طبق اصول و ارزش?هاي اسلامي، متفاوت از ديگر شهرها قايل شده?اند. از آيات قرآن كريم و روايات اسلامي متعدّدي مي?توان، به معاني و مفاهيم عميقي در مورد هستي و ماهيت شهر اسلامي پي برد. بنابراين، هدف اين مقاله، تبيين «چيستي» و «هستي» شهر اسلامي با طرح اين پرسش است كه، ابعاد چيستي?شناسي (شناخت ابعاد ماهوي) وهستي‌شناسي (شناخت ابعاد وجودي) شهر اسلامي از منظر متون اسلامي (آيات و روايات) كدام است؟ اين مقاله،كه به روش تحليلي و با ابزار ميداني و كتابخانه?اي و بهره گرفتن از متون اسلامي، نگاشته شده، اين نتيجه را به همراه دارد كه، با توجّه به، مفاهيم اساسي دين اسلام از قبيل وحدت، عدالت، امنيت، محرميت، تواضع، طبيعت‌گرايي ، شهر اسلامي را از نظر تاثيرپذيري اين مفاهيم، مي?توان، به دو بعد ماهيتي(چيستي) و وجودي(هستي) تقسيم كرد. بعد ماهيتي، به بررسي ابعاد و صفات هويّتي و كالبدي و بعد وجودي، به بررسي ابعاد تجلّي حضور عناصر وجودي و كنش?هاي فردي و جمعي مسلمانان، منطبق با اصول نام برده شده، در شهر اسلامي مي?پردازد.

Islamic city has a specific space from the viewpoint of the nature and structure. Since early twentieth century, it has been noticed by researchers and it has been received a separate topic among the urban developers and researchers. So far, broad researches have been conducted about an Islamic city by Muslim and non-Muslim thinkers and they have considered certain regulations and standards in accordance with the Islamic principles and values different from other cities. It can be learned from the various verses of holy Qur-an and Islamic traditions, deep meaning and concepts about the nature of Islamic city. So, the purpose of this article is to elaborate the quiddity and ontology of the Islamic city through putting forth this question: What are the quiddity( understanding the innate dimensions) and ontology( understanding the being aspects) dimensions of Islamic city from the perspective of Islamic texts (verses and traditions) ? This article has been developed in the methodology of review-analysis and with the help of field and library tools and using the Islamic texts. The result of the research is that with regard to basic concepts of Islam such as unity, justice, security, privacy, humiliation, naturalism and lack of following the strangers’ models, it is possible to divide the Islamic city from the viewpoint of receiving influence from these concepts into two quiddity and ontology dimensions. The quiddity dimension deals with the study of the identity , attribute and physical dimensions of Islamic city and the ontology dimension , deals with the dimensions of the manifestation of the presence of being elements and individual and collective actions of the Muslims in agreement with the aforementioned principles.