فقه و امر سياسي

Jurisprudence and “the Political”

ارتباط فقه با امر سياسي دانش سياسي خاصي را شكل مي‌دهد كه در نظام داناييِ مسلمانان از آن به فقه سياسي تعبير مي‌شود. فقه سياسي دانشي ارتباطي است كه فهم ماهيت آن مستلزم فهم ارتباط دوسويه آن با فقه و سياست است. فقه سياسي به‌لحاظ معرفت‌شناختي و روش‌شناختي وامدار فقه است، اما به‌لحاظ موضوعي به امر سياسي مي‌پردازد و ازاين‌رو، به‌مثابه دانش سياسي اسلامي با مباني و روشِ خاص خود به تامل در امر سياسي به‌منظور كشف حكم شرعي امر سياسي و تنظيمِ زندگي سياسي مومنانه مي‌پردازد. اين دانش با چنين نگرشي به‌لحاظ معرفتي ارتقا مي‌يابد و ديگر تنها به استخراج حكم شرعي سياسي نمي‌پردازد، بلكه افزون بر آن، به‌مثابه دانش سياسي اسلامي به تنظيم زندگي سياسي نيز همت مي‌گمارد. نوشتارِ حاضر با توجه به فقدان پژوهش‌هايي از اين قبيل درباره فقه سياسي تلاش مي‌كند با طرح درآمدي بر اين بحث مهم، به ضرورت تقويت جايگاه معرفتي آن به‌مثابه دانش سياسي اسلامي مدد رساند.

The relation between jurisprudence and “the political” forms a special political science which is called, in the Muslimsʹ knowledge system, political jurisprudence. Political jurisprudence is an interdisciplinary field which to understand it, an understanding of its bilinear relation with jurisprudence and politics is required. Epistemologically and methodologically, political jurisprudence is in debt to jurisprudence; but, thematically, it discusses "the political". Thus, as an Islamic political science, based on its own principles and methodology, reflects upon “the political” to find the religious statement about "the political", and regulate a faithful political life. Based on such a view, this discipline has been epistemologically elevated; and no more it goes to infer only a religious political statement; but rather, in addition to this, as an Islamic political science, it tries to regulate the political life as well. Taking into account absence of such studies in the field of political jurisprudence, the author of the present article tries to introduce this important issue and show necessity of strengthening its epistemological status as an Islamic political science.