برخي از فعّاليتهاي طبّي در جزيره العرب پيش از اسلام

A discussion through the medical activities in Arab’s Islands before Islam’s Era

طبّ از جمله دستاوردهاي بشري است كه پيشينه اي به اندازه تاريخ حيات بشر دارد؛ چراكه تلاش براي بازيابي و حفظ سلامت انسان، همواره مورد توجّه بوده است. جزيره العرب - كه بستر ظهور پيامبر اسلام(ص) است - نيز از اين قاعده مستثني نيست. قبايل عرب نيز در دوره پيش از اسلام، تجربياتي در زمينه طب داشتند كه از نسلي به نسل ديگر منتقل مي شد. در اين نوشته ابتدا نحوه طبابت، بيماريهاي رايج و شيوه درمان آنها و سپس داروهاي مورد استفاده بررسي شده است كه اين داروها را از منابع ساده و دم دست تهيه مي كردند. از آنجا كه طبّ در اين دوره مبنايِ نظريِ پرمايه-اي نداشت، اعراب بعضاً به باورهاي خرافي و اوهام متوسل مي شدند؛ اين پديده نيز مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. در پايان شرح حال پزشكاني كه در اين دوره فعاليت مي‌كردند، آمده است.

Medicine (Tebb) has a historical background and it is an important achievement of human being, because attempting for the protection of human health always was considerable. Arab’s Islands which were foundation of the advent of Islam was also considering to this issue. The Arab’s ethnics before advent of Islam had experiences in Medicine and they transfer it to next generations. This paper, firstly examines the common diseases and the way of treating them, and then illustrates the medicines that were used for their treatments. Moreover these medicines were based on simple sources that were available in their daily life. Because medicine in those ages was not based on a reliable theories so Arabs people frequently were resort to superstitions believes. All these topics would be discussed in this article and it would end up by the biography of Physicians who existed in that Era.