مباني ديني سرمايه اجتماعي و رابطه آن با حكمراني خوب

Religious Foundations of Social Investment and its Relationship with Favorable Ruling

بحث سرمايه اجتماعي مبحثي نوظهور است كه از دهه 1970 در ادبيات توسعه در كنار ساير سرمايه‌ها ـ فيزيكي،‌ انساني و اقتصادي ـ مطرح شده است و مفهومي ميان‌رشته‌اي به‌ويژه در رشته‌هاي علوم سياسي، اقتصاد و جامعه‌شناسي است؛ امّا مفهوم آن كه به روابط و پيوندهاي انسان‎ها مربوط مي‎شود و موجب همكاري متقابل آحاد جامعه و استحكام پايه‎هاي اجتماع و سياست مي‎گردد، در آموزه‎هاي ديني به‌ويژه دين اسلام به‌وفور يافت مي‎شود. آموزه‎هاي دين اسلام در ابعاد اعتقادي، اخلاقي و مناسكي آن منجر به پيدايي و تقويت سرمايه اجتماعي در شكل درون‌گروهي در مرحله اول و برون‌گروهي در مرحله بعد مي‌گردد. همچنين ميان حكمراني خوب و سرمايه اجتماعي پيوند وثيقي وجود دارد. مهم‎ترين جنبه الگوي حكمراني خوب، ابتناي آن بر مشاركت فعال مردم و نهادهاي مدني است كه آنان بخشي از حكمراني تلقي مي‎شوند. قابل ذكر است آنچه اهميت بيشتري دارد كيفيت اين بخش از حكمراني است؛ چرا كه در اين الگو صرفاً مشاركت مردم مورد توجه نيست، بلكه كيفيت مردم و نهادهاي مدني و مناسبات و ارتباط آنها و به عبارتي سرمايه اجتماعي است كه بسيار مهم محسوب مي‌گردد. پرسش اصلي اين مقاله آن است كه دلالت‌هاي مفهومي سرمايه اجتماعي در مجموعه آموزه‌هاي دين اسلام كدام است و رابطه سرمايه اجتماعي با حكمراني خوب چيست؟

The issue of social investment being considered new has been stated since 1970 in the literature of development besides the other investments- physical, humanistic and economical- as an interdisciplinary concept particularly in the political sciences, economics and sociology. However, when it gets relevant to the relationships, the joints of humans, the mutual cooperation of community members and also the strengthening of the foundations of society and politics, it is found in the religious instructions especially in Islam religion. Islam is considered a social religion and its orders and regulations would be based on the unity and convergence of people. The instructions of Islam in the belief, ethical, and ritual dimensions lead to the emergence as well as the strength of social investment within the group, in the first phase and between groups in the next one. There exists a reliable connection between the favorable ruling and social investment. The most important aspect of favorable ruling pattern would be its base on the dynamic cooperation of people as well as the civil institutions being considered as part of ruling. What is of highest significance is the quality of this part of ruling, since in this pattern, the cooperation of people is regarded in addition to the quality of interaction of people, civil institutions and occasions or the social investment as an important issue. This article is to state the properties and elements of social investment in the way that it could provide the possibility of development of favorable ruling.