مقايسه ضرورت نبوت از منظر فلسفه و عرفان با تاكيد بر آراي ابن‌سينا و امام خميني(ره)

Philosophy and Mysticism on the Necessity of Prophethood Necessity Comparatively; With an Emphasis on Avicenna and Imam Khomeini’s Opinions

تاكنون مسيله ضرورت نبوت با رهيافت‌هاي گوناگوني، ازجمله حديثي، كلامي، فقهي و فلسفي تبيين و ارزيابي شده است. پژوهش پيش‌رو به ضرورت نبوت از منظر فلسفه و عرفان مي‌پردازد. فلاسفه مسلمان در ظاهر با نگاهي اين‌سويي و زميني، به‌ويژه در مبحث علم النفس، با نگاه به مراتب حسي، خيالي و وهمي و همچنين مراتب عقل عملي و نظري و قوه قدسي‌اي كه براي عقل بالمستفاد حاصل مي‌شود، به تبيين اين حقيقت پرداخته‌اند و از راه حكمت واجب، ضرورت آفرينش، ازجمله انسان و درنتيجه ارسال نبي را براي هدايت او و اصلاح جامعه و اداره امور انسان‌ها اثبات كرده‌اند؛ اما عرفا با نگاهي آسماني، نبودِ انسان كامل را در ميان مخلوقات الهي، نقص خلقت تلقي مي‌نمايند. در پژوهش پيش‌رو، اين مسيله براساس متون و منابع اصيل اين دو حوزه و با تاكيد بر آراي ابن‌سينا (نماينده فلاسفه) و امام خميني (نماينده عرفان) تبيين و ارزيابي شده است.

Abstract: The issue of prophethood necessity has been explained and evaluated with various approaches such as Hadith, theological, jurisprudential, and philosophical approaches. This paper investigates the necessity of prophethood from philosophy and mysticism perspectives. Apparently taking a worldly and mundane view, especially in terms of psychology, with a look upon sensuous, imaginary and illusory levels as well as the degrees of theoretical and practical reason and the sacred power which is achieved for the highest mode of intellect, the Muslim Philosophers have explained this reality and have proved the necessity of creation including human and consequently sending messenger to guide him, improve the society and govern human affairs through obligatory Hekmat. On the other hand, having a heavenly perspective, the mystics believe that lack of perfect human among the God’s creatures is deemed as defect of creation. In other words, for mystics, perfect human is emergence of comprehensive and great name of God in an absolute manifestation which has all degrees of unity and diversity without dominance of one to the other and accordingly, for them, creation is a necessity God has considered to be necessary to complete the circle of creation. Therefore, the original and innate purpose of creating perfect human in mystics’ viewpoint is absolute presence of the creator. Hence, prophethood is interpreted within the area of descending curve and consequently, its guidance function is explicated within ascending curve. Based upon the original texts and resources of these two areas and with emphasis on the Avicenna (the philosophers’ representatives) and Imam Khomeini’s (the mysticism’s representative) viewpoints, the study attempts to explain and evaluate the issue.